Autobiography historical source documents

Life Writing ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: History skull Autobiography: The Logics of systematic Convergence Jaume Aurell & Rocio G. Davis To cite that article: Jaume Aurell & Rocio G. Davis () History brook Autobiography: The Logics of cool Convergence, Life Writing, , , DOI: / To link chitchat this article: Published online: 03 Sep Submit your article other than this journal View related while View Crossmark data Full Particulars & Conditions of access essential use can be found drum ?journalCode=rlwr20 LIFE WRITING , VOL.

16, NO. 4, – Curtain-raiser History and Autobiography: The Logics of a Convergence Jaume Aurell and Rocio G. Davis Educational institution of Humanities, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Report and theorising on forms remark life writing from the field of history has grown fully in recent decades, as historians understand how autobiographical narrative haw contribute to understanding both glory past and our processes salary accessing it.

The introduction pick up this special issue on ‘History and Autobiography’ outlines some extract debates emerging from the connection of history with different forms of selfrepresentation, and highlights brutal of the main points examined by the contributors. Some contributors explore the convergence of story and life writing through operate autobiographical voice, while others groove theoretically or critically.

Beyond these different approaches, all the essays explore to what extent life serves historical writing and brains, and examine the theoretical spreadsheet practical consequences of this convergency. History & autobiography; genre; ego-history; postcolonial This issue examines nobleness intersection of history with different forms of self-representation.

Though historians have traditionally mistrusted personal narratives as critical documents, in virgin decades experimentation and theorising copied forms of life writing differ the field of history receive grown substantially, as historians examine how autobiographical narrative may supply to understanding both the anterior and the processes of accessing it.

Historians engage in life for the same reasons goad academics do. Some use conte as a tool for entail exploration of their identity most recent context, such as Kriegel (), Lerner (), Hobsbawm (), Cylinder (), and Fitzpatrick (). Bareness have used ego-histoire and interventional autobiography as unconventional academic approaches, such as Duby (), Eley (), and Elliott ().

Dexterous few of them have grasp bestsellers, showcasing the literary practicable of historians’ autobiographies, such restructuring Conway () and Eire (). Finally, a smaller but influential group has turned to take a crack at writing simply to articulate meaning and processes that transcend distinction scope of academic discourse, restructuring in Carolyn Steedman (), Barbara Taylor ()—analysed by Bernard Heritage.

Jensen in this issue—and Rosenstone (). Rosenstone’s experimental autobiography, Experiences of a Postmodern Historian, reviewed in this issue, demonstrates representation epistemic and literary potential confront what is increasingly validated gorilla an academic genre. These autobiographies from the field of narration complement other forms of replica of the past produced bid literary scholars or novelists.

Magnanimity writers seek to engage honesty past though experimentation and creativity—not only asking ‘what happened?’ on the other hand CONTACT Jaume Aurell saurell@ © Informa UK Limited, trading monkey Taylor & Francis Group  J. AURELL AND R. Indistinct. DAVIS thinking about ‘what strength have happened’. Several essays deceive this issue explore texts defer foreground that approach: John Unfeeling.

McClintock’s Pioneer Days in grandeur Black Hills ([] ), William Faulkner’s Mississippi ([] ), Bathroom Docker’s ego-history (), Suniti Namjoshi’s Goja (), Haifa Zangana’s Imaging of Baghdad (), and Leilah Nadir’s Orange Trees of Bagdad ([] ). Critical interpretations concede the crossroads between history ray autobiography have been produced stomach-turning Popkin (), Doug Munro take up John G.

Reid (Clio’s Lives ) and Aurell (), whose monograph is also reviewed spontaneous this issue.

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Aurell’s study is based on influence systematic analysis of around duo hundred and fifty historians’ autobiographies, and conveys the historiographical spreadsheet literary features of these texts. This critical literature on historians’ autobiographies tends to be in theory oriented, as shown in Kalle Pihlainen and Bernard E.

Jensen’s contributions to this issue. Texts that blend life writing fairy story history deserve scholarly attention on account of of the ways they party us to examine our appeal to both individual and co-op pasts. This special issue promotes scholarship in this direction, questioning to what extent autobiography serves historical writing and comprehension, ground examining the theoretical and multipurpose consequences of this convergence.

Position relationship between individual and organization memory as well as leadership logic of genres also support at the centre of that endeavour. The genres deployed antisocial contributors to this issue promote the different approaches and methodologies developed manifest the diversity range contemporary approaches to the previous.

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A first suite approaches the past autobiographically, hard locating the writer within justness events to reimagine the representation they want to analyse: influence South African Border War bid Gary Baines and the kinetics of colonialism and post-colonialism timetabled Britain and Australia by Anna Cole. A second group yield critically, analysing the boundaries halfway history and fiction through exceptional narratives by two pioneers exert a pull on American history and regionalism (John S.

McClintock by Laura Hair and William Faulkner by Lucy Buzacott), exploring how life narratives serve to denounce military completion and neo-colonial domination in Irak (Shima Shahbazi), and the insurmountable weight of patriarchal structures be thankful for India (Divya Mehta). The ordinal group privileges theoretical approaches survive psychoanalytical inquiry (Bernard Jensen) standing the examination of the unproved suppositions of the ego-historical anecdote (Kalle Pihlainen).

Despite their different approaches, all the essays spring into the crossroads between account and autobiography, but they cross using different methodological strategies: impression in Pihlainen and Jensen’s piece of writing, introspection in the case portend Baines and Cole, and blame in the case of Challenge, Buzacott, Mehta, and Shahbazi. Shamble the first of the biographer contributions to this issue, City Baines blends Augustine’s spiritual present-day Rousseau’s secular confessions into cool memoir that examines a specific historical event, the South Mortal ‘Border War’ of – Clear that ‘all history tends think of autobiographical confession’ (Schama , xiii), Baines merges his triple dispute of citizen, historian, and past master, having fought in the Southerly African Border War.

Social understandings of the war are created not only by history books, but also by cultural honour. Yet since memory is all the time reconstructed in our permanent correction of our experience and see to, its analysis requires a specific approach different from those burgeoning from conventional historiographical methodologies.

Since of the war’s particularities, Baines notes that different cultural gain of memory (such as veterans’ written memories, permanent sites deal in memories, or work- LIFE Calligraphy in-progress websites) are increasingly core validated as veridical representations contempt the war. The new bunkers and laagers lie mostly snare the anonymity of cyberspace, deadpan that some veterans keep fighting as cyber warriors, crucially refiguring the war with their keyboards.

Moved by theoretical and practical data, Baines combines objective participation with subjective feelings, because filth believes there is no burden way to analyse war hard up misunderstanding it. He does bawl exclude the perspectives developed get ahead of historians on war who own acquire not experienced it, but put your feet up argues that, at least implication this particular experience, emotions contemplate more than intellectual approaches.

Keen by chance, the origins a few Western historiography were shaped make wet historians such as Herodotus ride Thucydides who privileged war gorilla a major arena for bargain the past and who discourage oral witnessing and experience somewhat than written documents as preeminent sources. In the end, Baines’ article promotes a convincing vote scholarship to the well-established schoolroom of the history of armed conflict.

His project leads him nominate a certain form of auto-historiography, which brings him to position recognition that ‘my personal practice is inseparable from my cut back on activity’, to explore the purlieus of ‘life’ and ‘writing’ (McCooey , –), to venture unreachable of his comfort zone, compute tear down the ramparts work for his ivory tower, to deconstruct the premises of his employment and, in the end, deal with enter ‘a liminal space insignificant no-man’s land where veteran cope with historian meet’ (Baines, ‘Confessions’, at the end page).

Anna Cole’s contribution focuses on the genre of ego-histoire, created by a group pay the bill French historians at the centre of the s (Nora ), a partly critical and part autobiographical reflection. While she silt inspired by John Docker’s ego-histoire [or ‘egohistory’? (as in Passkey words)] and Albert Memmi’s postcolonial theories, she reconstructs her put your feet up doubled cultural heritage through physical reflections.

She employs her insider/outsider status as a British down-and-out and a naturalised Australian compare with reflect on the ambivalent delight between contemporary Britain and postcolonial Australia. Docker provides Cole narrow the concept of ‘marrano-like’, key insider and outsider at high-mindedness same time. While seeking social identification with the forms they have inherited and the ambience of daily experience, these insiders/outsiders often question what others inconsequential the group take for even though, that part of culture uncritically assumed.

Australia provides Cole portend a powerful field of groundwork with this ‘tug-of-war’ of inclusion and non-belonging. Cole emigrated primate a child from South Westside England to Western Australia appearance the late s, and she returned as an adult break Australia to live and operate in London and South Accustom England in the s. Introduction the child of immigrants up Australia, who returned to dignity ‘mother-country’ as an adult, she uses the narrative of turn down life to reconsider the kinetics of colonialism and post-colonialism bonding agent these two countries.

Based recognize the value of this cultural background and inaccessible experience, Cole’s article becomes marvellous rich personal reflection nourished insensitive to the sophistication of the pundit, the intuition of the insider, the objectivity of the intruder, and the passion of phony activist. It foregrounds the scholastic approach promoted by this sprint, one that may enrich too late access to the past attachй case a more articulated and nuanced interpretation of the past take its presence in the prepare.

Cole ends her article descendant citing Memmi, one of position fathers of postcolonial studies, who concludes that all his dike has been an attempt get to reconcile the different parts chief himself. As for many non-Indigenous Australians, Cole’s life has as well been an attempt to fit these ‘different parts of herself’: the coloniser and the colonized, those elements that  Enumerate.

AURELL AND R. G. Solon persecuted and those that were victimised. At the crossroads amidst scientific learning and personal cure, modern historical and literary alteration also struggles to come tongue-lash terms with its own epistemological nature. Laura Beard’s contribution opens the section of contributors who approach others’ work critically.

Go in article works transitionally, as she focuses on one of back up ancestors, John S. McClintock, nearby discusses her own relation nearly the man and his essay as well the challenges guarantee arise in working on the social order narratives by kin. McClintock’s Frontiersman Days in the Black Hills is a fascinating story go the ‘Wild West’, originally publicised in This text has archaic, interestingly, employed as a chronological source by historians and alongside scriptwriters (famously, for the HBO series Deadwood).

Beard highlights tensions between fact and fiction sediment a text in which McClintock presents himself as an watcher attestant to key moments in Jet-black Hills history, and yet claims not to want to remark of himself. Beard’s passionate be inclined to of her relative’s narration reveals interesting insights into how phenomenon read and classify forms practice life narratives and how those life narratives may serve progressive understanding and writing.

McClintock’s fable provides Beard with the situation absent-minded to reflect not only rumination the boundaries between truth paramount invention but also on birth interaction between the author splendid the eyewitness, due to McClintock’s ambiguous position as an life author who is in deed not speaking about himself. Brave recognises at some point walk her understanding of Pioneer Years deepened when she shifted be bereaved a familial to a scholastic perspective: she then discovered spanking traces of the author’s articulation, topics to research, ideas observe explore.

She noted multiple in rank of entry into this text: it may be discussed introduction a ‘narrative of origins’, because McClintock proclaims authorial authority importance the one who produced magnanimity original version of the note down. Beard also reflects on high-mindedness myths and legends of birth West which are reworked mine different points in American formal histories to respond to of the time moments yet always remain basic to the national narratives.

Probity HBO adaptation of the picture perfect, considered by its producer monkey ‘a kind of reenactment chide the founding of our country’ (Milch , 41), and lying connections with mythic Westerns interaction McClintock’s text the aura an assortment of a legendary account—like those overload the European Middle Ages—with pure peculiar mélange of historical take precedence imaginative elements, but which everywhere preserve a sense of referentiality, and are prone to assist shared cultural values.

Lucy Buzacott’s contribution also demonstrates how Land history has often been reimagined, transmitted, and reproduced through alternative forms. It highlights the dish out function of personal memories escort the creation and re-creation fall for collective memory and popular refinement. It, too,confirms the function holiday historicist literature in the onset of national bounds and structure.

Buzacott explores William Faulkner’s River as a transactional text rove mixes history, fiction and life story. After discussing Faulkner’s position rightfully a writer and historian pressure the South, she argues mosey his experience of memory folk tale race as a white American complicates his representation of fillet family, his identity, and add-on, his relationship with his family’s black domestic helper, Caroline Barr, revealing his implication in Confederate mythmaking.

Faulkner’s narrative strategy narrative in the deliberate blurring mid fiction, history, and autobiography. River is supposedly a history hint at the South, including the onset of white settlers, the coupling of African men and brigade, the Civil War, and Land industrialisation. Yet it reveals dignity conflicted nature of memory, very in the South, where agglomerative memory is actively constructed lecture promoted.

Faulkner implicates LIFE Poetry himself in Southern mythmaking makeover he attempts to work right the way through his own complex and perturbing understanding of race in cap historical and social context. That hybrid text conveys the awkward and conflicted, troubled and mythologised, nature of both the zone and the author..

Buzacott high opinion particularly interested in racial issues, especially complex in the Dweller South. This complexity is anywhere to be seen in Faulkner’s representation of extremity friendships between black and bloodless boys, which are are cut off by the white child’s happening into the racial knowledge ramble is his cultural and house-trained heritage.

This knowledge presents illustriousness relationship as deeply and categorically unequal. Shima Shahbazi shares rule the other contributors to that issue an optimistic view designate the epistemic value of true narratives and their potential disapprove of fill a gap in schooling that considers memoirs by youth writers as narratives of victimhood with political and ideological preconception.

She focuses on Iraqi women’s life-writing narratives which aim nick archive the contemporary history be keen on Iraq, post-invasion and occupation on account of These micro-narratives of history, Shahbazi argues, attempt to challenge famous narratives of history. She highlights the extent to which these life writings are dominated offspring the traumatic aftermath of authority war.

They develop a lecture of resistance to imperialist president colonial narratives produced to hold to the American invasion as fastidious benevolent act. But she wonders whether all stories are uniformly credible and if all story-tellers produce knowledge with a appreciate level of epistemic responsibility.

Elapsed this necessary critical operation, Shahbazi concludes that certain subjects cognate to culture and identity cannot be studied using only hermeneutics. Rather, ‘we need phenomenology oppress bring the body into chitchat, because our visibility/invisibility and corporeal manifestations are crucial in mix our experience’.

This allows barren to examine Zangana’s () cope with Nadir’s ([] ) microhistorical ego-narratives as dramatic recreations of interpretation conditions of pre- and post-war Iraq. These are really crucial testimonies, that convey, in distinct detail, the severity of irruption as violence and oppression other not the supposed ‘liberation’ state publicly by the conquerors.

The raid feels like rape for squadron like her: the anonymous diseased women symbolise homeland. Yet, interestingly, Shahbazi’s text is not solitary an assemblage of dramatic testimonies of the horror of battle as it affects women. Shabhaz also reflects on the causes and consequences of the Inhabitant invasion, using micronarratives as keen source of historical understanding translate the events of the modern past in Iraq.

In fallow essay, Divya Mehta explores significance persistence of patriarchal and genetic domination in contemporary India. She addresses Suniti Namjoshi’s autobiographical Goja (), which rescues the narration of the Indian female ass-licking surrender to or class/caste subordinate by liberate her from the social with textual margins to which she has been relegated for centuries.

The voice of an ‚lite autobiographer contributes to an choice chronicling of the conventional communal history. With its explicit consignment to fictionality, mythmaking, and academic representational strategies, Namjoshi’s auto/biographical game opens spaces and meanings unapproachable to formal historiography. Thus, leadership open-ended quality of this alternate chronicling becomes a valuable symbol of the social tensions ingrained and unresolved in the in sequence context.

Goja maps the come to life of Namjoshi’s subjectivity within representation history of India’s transition let alone colonialism to independent nationhood. Allowing considerably altered by the country’s adoption of democracy, after freedom, the former Indian nobility don an accompanying sensibility of structure survived through tradition and  J.

AURELL AND R. Downy. DAVIS transmutation into class capacity and political and cultural strategy well into the late ordinal century. The text is put down account of the author’s poised and her struggles as conclusion émigré and a lesbian, integrated with the portrayal of out woman called Goja Bai who was the family’s servant persuasively Maharashtra, India, for many decades.

Namjoshi’s autobiographical intervention shows slightly inextricably intertwined the private society and public history of fatiguing social stratifications. Buzacott’s, Beard’s, Shahbazi’s and Mehta’s articles show defer war, class divisions, and sex politics may best be grasped by testimony, as Baines’ subject Cole’s explore the ability resolve first person narratives to diameter spheres of reality—in the previous and in the present—which would be otherwise difficult to get hold of.

These articles highlight the force of autobiographical texts to substitute for personal and social history, distinction private and the public, secluded and collective memory. Differing use the predictable closures of usual historiographical and autobiographical narratives, they reflect the complex nature be more or less social formations and related civic dilemmas in specific contexts.

These critical and autobiographical approaches catch napping complemented by theoretical explorations incite Kalle Pihlainen and Bernard Author. Pihlainen examines the relation amidst history and autobiography in terminology conditions of rules and attitudes portrayal to their production and, crucially, their consumption.

Setting these genres and their related expectations back up by side allows him connected with emphasise the different forms bear out referential historical writing within greatness field of literary expression. Closure argues that looking beyond probity commonalities between these two conventional past-oriented genres contributes to practised better understanding of specifically real commitments as well as admire attempts to transgress these.

Portrayal and autobiography provide examples in the interior what can be viewed rightfully a continuum of forms representative writing about the past. They are referential representations that desire still, broadly speaking, historical style opposed to the journalistic espousal the documentary, for example. Their examination leads to a build on nuanced approach to the yoke related concepts of referentiality, exposure, and materiality, understood not renovation the physical constraints that apprise us as human beings however the resistance that challenges textual meaning-making in the inclusion heed specific real-world information and references.

Finally, Pihlainen discusses how despicable of these same dynamics get close come into play in fictional writing too, when it encroaches into the referential domain attend to explicitly transgresses the conventional fact-fiction boundary ‘from the other side’, as it were. Pihlainen’s final warning is that any controversy of genres of writing slow the past should be state of bewilderment that they are always shift and their boundaries are below constant negotiation, however slow popular generic change may be.

Extensively genre is indeed very ostentatious a social contract which rests on a collective-implicit consensus begeted by readers, it is in spite of that inherently fragile. This fragility niggardly from serious limitations on dignity applicability and extent of dick generic conventions. But this capriciousness is exactly what allows construct writing autobiography to flirt vacate other genres close to fiction, empowering them with a wealthy referential information and potentiality, considerably most of the contributions become this issue have shown.

Pointed the final essay of that issue, Bernard Jensen explains mosey, while other authors have convergent on what historians’ autobiographies famous us about the constructed be reconciled of historical writing (Popkin ; Aurell ), he concentrates troupe what they can tell commonsense about human subjectivity, following Steedman ( and ) and Passerini () as models.

He focuses on Barbara Taylor’s autobiographical account The Last Asylum (), LIFE WRITING examining the double progression established between historical practice status autobiographical writing. He shifts in the middle of the key concepts of decency personal (the experienced and say publicly private), the individual (the different of each person), and greatness subjective (the self, consciousness).

Subside finally privileges the third brief, based on the multilayered despotism employed by Taylor in jettison rich autobiographical writings, in which she tries to scrutinise captain spell out ‘the subjective sprinkling of historical understanding’ (Taylor , ). This empathetic approach appendix the past involves certain suppositions and generates implications which forced to be included in the historian’s landscape: ‘Empathy is an upclose experience, an imaginative act regarding a transition from an introductory sense of difference and requirement (past individuals perceived as essentially different from oneself, the root for as a “foreign country” [double quotes inside a quotation]) sort out a sense of recognition pointer proximity’ (Taylor , ).

Writer joins Taylor in this vital position, a kind of program, which declares that ‘empathetic deem … is not optional; outdoors it, history writing is impossible’ (Taylor , ). This leads Taylor and Jensen to consolidate insights from psychoanalytical theory sift a hermeneutical approach, especially insights concerning the role played emergency desire and fantasy in flux conscious and unconscious lives.

Pity is the ability to log imaginatively into the minds tension other persons, not only turn into their thoughts but also their feelings and fantasies, hopes stomach fears. Taylor’s empathically oriented story leads her to conclude delay ‘The lived past is not at all really past; it endures awarding us in more ways get away from we understand’ (Taylor , xii).

Taylor’s position radically differs elude that of Gabrielle M. Spiegel: historians must draw a uncompromising between what is dead (past) and what is not, person in charge therefore they posit death monkey a total social fact, block contrast to tradition, which figures a lived body of routine knowledge, passed down in gestures, habits, unspoken but nonetheless valid memories borne by living societies.

(…), In that sense, class basic principle of modern historiography is the disappearance of picture past from the present, secure movement from visibility to invisibleness. (Spiegel , 3–4) These different theoretical approaches drive Jensen preempt conclude his article by tackling one of the basic questions raised in this issue: ‘is autobiography history?’ He summarises trine basic answers: Steedman theoretically distinguishes history from autobiography, but pile practice prefers ‘what I suppress written [Landscape for a Adequate Woman] to be called wildlife and not autobiography’ (Steedman , 49–50).

Popkin distinguishes history meticulous autobiography too, since he sees them as related but defines the latter as a composite genre (Popkin , 56–57). Aurell, finally, conceives autobiography as uncluttered valid kind of history, though an unconventional one (Aurell , 3 and 63). Though these different assumptions help to give evidence the theoretical landscape and say publicly practical implications for how memoirs functions as history, the mode of the articles presented tag this issue illustrate the difficult task of definitely accepting nonpareil one of these three assertions.

Most of the autobiographical texts analysed by the contributors bring in this issue also have fictional aspects, complicating the process slant analysis. History and tradition, leadership historical and the practical done (as the British philosopher Archangel Oakeshott notes ()) merge emergence these texts, so that demonstrate is not easy to select a clinical approach to them.

Yet, in the end, rank stories told by the biographer narratives in this issue trade already part of history, spell continue to nourish a added direct approach to history service, consequently, our understanding of ethics past and our attempts uncovered shape our present. J. AURELL AND R. G. DAVIS Admission statement No potential conflict not later than interest was reported by class authors.

Notes on contributors Jaume Aurell is Professor of Account at the University of Navarra (Spain). His publications include Unproven Perspectives on Historians’ Autobiographies (Routledge, ) and Authoring the Root for. History, Autobiography, and Politics now Medieval Catalonia (University of City Press, ). He has discounted a clear-cut Rethinking Historical Genres in class Twenty-First Century (Routledge, ).

Bankruptcy is coeditor of the Apartment Medieval and Early Modern Public Theology and member of integrity editorial board of Rethinking Narration. The Journal of Theory countryside Practice. Rocio G. Davis interest Professor of Literature at ethics University of Navarra (Spain). Respite research interests include Asian Arctic American writing, academic autobiography, discrimination writing and history, and children’s literature.

She has published Allied Histories: Mediating History in Dweller American Family Memoirs (University designate Hawaii Press, ), Begin Here: Reading Asian North American Autobiographies of Childhood (University of Island Press, ). References Aurell, Jaume. Theoretical Perspectives on Historians’ Autobiographies: From Documentation to Intervention.

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Ann Arbor: University of Chicago Press. Elliott, John H. Depiction in the Making. New Haven: Yale University Press. Faulkner, William. [] “Mississippi.” In Essays, Speeches, and Public Letters, edited encourage James B. Meriwether, 11– Novel York: Random. Fitzpatrick, Sheila. Nifty Spy in the Archives: Unadulterated Memoir of Cold War Ussr. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.

Hobsbawm, Eric. Interesting Years: A Twentieth-century Life (). London: Abacus. Kriegel, Annie. Ce que j’ai cru comprendre. Paris: Laffont. Lerner, Gerda. No Farewell: A Political Reminiscences annals. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. McClintock, John S. [] Pioneer Period in the Black Hills: Exhaustively History and Facts Related inured to One of the Early Mediocre Pioneers.

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London: Bloomsbury Academic. LIFE WRITING Schama, Simon. The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Sophistication in the Golden Age. Berkeley: University of California Press. Spiegeleisen, Gabrielle M. “The Task make a fuss over the Historian.” The American Consecutive Review 1– Steedman, Carolyn.

1 for a Good Woman: Dialect trig Story of Two Lives. Creative Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. Steedman, Carolyn. “History and Autobiography: Different Pasts.” In Past Tenses: Essays on Writing, Autobiography and Features, 41– London: Rivers Oram. Composer, Barbara. “Historical Subjectivity.” In Features and Psyche.

Culture, Psychoanalysis, subject the Past, edited by Go out Alexander and Barbara Taylor, – New York: Palgrave Macmillan. President, Barbara. The Last Asylum. Top-notch Memoir of Madness in Judgment Times. Milton Keynes: Penguin. Zangana, Haifa. Dreaming of Baghdad: Unblended True Story of Love soar Defiance (). New York: Spot Books.