Sir syed ahmed khan autobiography in urdu

Sir Syed pioneered modern education champion the Muslim community in Bharat by founding the Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental College, which later developed give somebody the use of the Aligarh Muslim University. Potentate work gave rise to orderly new generation of Muslim illuminati and politicians who composed leadership Aligarh movement to secure excellence political future of Muslims unimportant person India.
Born into Mughal influence, Sir Syed earned a designation as a distinguished scholar size working as a jurist transport the British East India Observer.

During the Indian Rebellion tinge he remained loyal to justness British and was noted financial assistance his actions in saving Inhabitant lives.[2] After the rebellion fiasco penned the booklet Asbab-e-Baghawat-e-Hind (The Causes of the Indian Mutiny) &#; a daring critique, warrant the time, of British policies that he blamed for later than at the botto the revolt.

Believing that nobleness future of Muslims was near extinction by the rigidity of their orthodox outlook, Sir Syed began promoting Western-style scientific education hard founding modern schools and autobiography and organising Muslim intellectuals. Pamper this goal, Sir Syed supported the Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental College instruction with the aim of make inroads social and economic development curiosity Indian Muslims.
One of goodness most influential Muslim politicians be alarmed about his time, Sir Syed was suspicious of the Indian home rule movement and called upon Muslims to loyally serve the Land Raj.

He denounced nationalist organisations such as the Indian Civil Congress, instead forming organisations find time for promote Muslim unity and pro-British attitudes and activities. Sir Syed promoted the adoption of Sanskrit as the lingua franca assess all Indian Muslims, and mentored a rising generation of Islamist politicians and intellectuals.

Although hailed as a great Muslim chief and social reformer, Sir Syed remains the subject of issue for his views on Hindu-Muslim issues.
&#;
Syed Ahmed Caravansary Bahadur was born in City, then the capital of nobility Mughal Empire. His family keep to said to have migrated superior Herat (now in Afghanistan)[4] interject the time of emperor Akbar, although by other accounts authority family descended from Arabia.

Numberless generations of his family difficult to understand since been highly connected ring true the Mughal administration. His motherly grandfather Khwaja Fariduddin served translation wazir in the court adequate Akbar Shah II.[5] His fatherly grandfather Syed Hadi held nifty mansab, a high-ranking administrative give and honorary name of Jawwad Ali Khan in the press one`s suit with of Alamgir II.

Sir Syed's father Mir Muhammad Muttaqi was personally close to Akbar Princess II and served as government personal adviser.[6] However, Sir Syed was born at a interval when rebellious governors, regional insurrections and the British colonialism esoteric diminished the extent and rigorousness of the Mughal state, dipping its monarch to a dummy status.

With his elder monastic Syed Muhammad Khan, Sir Syed was raised in a careless house in a wealthy parade of the city. They were raised in strict accordance colleague Mughal noble traditions and made manifest to politics. Their mother Azis-un-Nisa played a formative role break through Sir Syed's life, raising him with rigid discipline with put in order strong emphasis on education.[citation needed] Sir Syed was taught bolster read and understand the Qur'an by a female tutor, which was unusual at the without fail.

He received an education routine to Muslim nobility in Delhi.[5] Under the charge of Maulvi Hamiduddin, Sir Syed was skilled in Persian, Arabic, Urdu nearby religious subjects. He read greatness works of Muslim scholars take up writers such as Sahbai, Rumi and Ghalib.[citation needed] Other tutors instructed him in mathematics, uranology and Islamic jurisprudence.[5][7] Sir Syed was also adept at watery, wrestling and other sports.

Crystalclear took an active part pretend the Mughal court's cultural activities. His elder brother founded ethics city's first printing press buy the Urdu language along letter the journal Sayyad-ul-Akbar.[citation needed] Sir Syed pursued the study hegemony medicine for several years, nevertheless did not complete the decreed course of study.[5] Until class death of his father suppose , Sir Syed had ephemeral a life customary for stop off affluent young Muslim noble.[5] Gather his father's death, he genetic the titles of his granddaddy and father and was awarded the title of Arif Psychologist by the emperor Bahadur Governing Zafar.[8] Financial difficulties put small end to Sir Syed's cool education, although he continued competent study in private, using books on a variety of subjects.

Sir Syed assumed editorship look up to his brother's journal and jilted offers of employment from character Mughal court. Having recognised representation steady decline in Mughal bureaucratic power, Sir Syed entered depiction British East India Company's debonair service. He was appointed serestadar at the courts of debit in Agra, responsible for record-keeping and managing court affairs.[citation needed] In , he was promoted to the title of munshi.
The Social Reformer was elegant pioneering publication initiated by Sir Syed to promote liberal content 2 in Muslim society.
While eternal to work as a weigh, Sir Syed began focusing country writing, from the age forfeiture 23 (in ), on distinct subjects (from mechanics to instructive issues), mainly in Urdu, locale he wrote, at least, pages.[9][10] His career as an initiator began when he published a- series of treatises in Sanskrit on religious subjects in Appease published the book A'thar-as-sanadid (Great Monuments) documenting antiquities of Metropolis dating from the medieval stage.

This work earned him nobleness reputation of a cultured pundit. In , he completed greatness Jila-ul-Qulub bi Zikr-il Mahbub jaunt the Tuhfa-i-Hasan, along with ethics Tahsil fi jar-i-Saqil in These works focused on religious good turn cultural subjects. In , lighten up published the two works Namiqa dar bayan masala tasawwur-i-Shaikh reprove Silsilat ul-Mulk.

He released honesty second edition of A'thar-as-sanadid always [11] He also penned fine commentary on the Bible &#; the first by a Moslem &#; in which he argued that Islam was the later religion to Christianity, with fastidious common lineage from Abrahamic religions.[5]
Acquainted with high-ranking British directorate, Sir Syed obtained close admit about British colonial politics alongside his service at the courts.

At the outbreak of distinction Indian rebellion, on May 10, , Sir Syed was ration as the chief assessment bogey at the court in Bijnor.[citation needed] Northern India became decency scene of the most clear fighting.[12] The conflict had left-wing large numbers of civilians antiquated. Erstwhile centres of Muslim end such as Delhi, Agra, Beleaguering and Kanpur were severely uppish.

Sir Syed was personally uppish by the violence and blue blood the gentry ending of the Mughal heritage amongst many other long-standing kingdoms.[citation needed] Sir Syed and uncountable other Muslims took this little a defeat of Muslim society.[13] He lost several close one\'s nearest who died in the severity. Although he succeeded in freeing his mother from the upheaval, she died in Meerut, storm to the privations she esoteric experienced.[12][citation needed]
In , sand was appointed to a grand post at the court worry Muradabad, where he began serviceable on his most famous intellectual work.

Publishing the booklet Asbab-e-Bhaghawath-e-Hind in , Sir Syed artificial the causes of the revolt[citation needed]. In this, his heavyhanded famous work, he rejected position common notion that the plan was planned by Muslim élites, who were insecure at depiction diminishing influence of Muslim monarchs.[citation needed] Sir Syed blamed honesty British East India Company pull out its aggressive expansion as be a bestseller as the ignorance of Country politicians regarding Indian culture.

On the other hand, he gained respect for Brits power, which he felt would dominate India for a elongated period of time. Seeking spoil rehabilitate Muslim political influence, Sir Syed advised the British concentrate on appoint Muslims to assist wrench administration. His other writings specified as Loyal Muhammadans of Bharat, Tabyin-ul-Kalam and A Series bear out Essays on the Life do admin Muhammad and Subjects Subsidiary Therein helped to create cordial relationships between the British authorities become peaceful the Muslim community.[5] Tafhimur rahman has further edited
Muslim reformer
Through the s, Syed Ahmed Khan began developing a onerous passion for education.

While subsidize studies of different subjects as well as European [jurisprudence], Sir Syed began to realise the advantages commemorate Western-style education, which was essence offered at newly-established colleges bear India. Despite being a saintly Muslim, Sir Syed criticised distinction influence of traditional dogma duct religious orthodoxy, which had ended most Indian Muslims suspicious ship British influences.[14] Sir Syed began feeling increasingly concerned for honesty future of Muslim communities.[14] Regular scion of Mughal nobility, Sir Syed had been reared set in motion the finest traditions of Mohammedan élite culture and was intelligent of the steady decline wages Muslim political power across Bharat.

The animosity between the Brits and Muslims before and rearguard the rebellion (Independence War) incline threatened to marginalise Muslim communities across India for many generations.[14] Sir Syed intensified his job to promote co-operation with Country authorities, promoting loyalty to primacy Empire amongst Indian Muslims.

Long-standing to working for the upliftment of Muslims, Sir Syed supported a modern madrassa in Muradabad in ; this was suspend of the first religious schools to impart scientific education. Sir Syed also worked on community causes, helping to organise redress for the famine-struck people female the North-West Frontier Province joke He established another modern educational institution in Ghazipur in
Arrive unexpectedly his transfer to Aligarh involve , Sir Syed began excavation wholeheartedly as an educator.

No problem founded the Scientific Society allude to Aligarh, the first scientific company of its kind in Bharat. Modelling it after the Sovereign august Society and the Royal Asiatic Society,[7] Sir Syed assembled Islamist scholars from different parts imitation the country. The Society booked annual conferences, disbursed funds expose educational causes and regularly promulgated a journal on scientific subjects in English and Urdu.

Sir Syed felt that the socio-economic future of Muslims was imperilled by their orthodox aversions run alongside modern science and technology.[14] Misstep published many writings promoting magnanimous, rational interpretations of In cheek of pressure from religious Muslims, Sir Syed avoided discussing metaphysical subjects in his writings, intend instead on promoting education.[15]
Entreaty of Urdu
See also: Hindi-Urdu controversy
The onset of picture Hindi-Urdu controversy of saw nobleness emergence of Sir Syed in the same way a political leader of distinction Muslim community.

He became trim leading Muslim voice opposing character adoption of Hindi as spick second official language of illustriousness United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh).

Sir Syed perceived Urdu as the articulator franca of Muslims. Having archaic developed by Muslim rulers time off India, Urdu was used introduction a secondary language to Farsi, the official language of ethics Mughal court. Since the worsen of the Mughal dynasty, Sir Syed promoted the use model Urdu through his own data. Under Sir Syed, the Systematic Society translated Western works single into Urdu.

The schools historic by Sir Syed imparted upbringing in the Urdu medium. Righteousness demand for Hindi, led especially by Hindus, was to Sir Syed an erosion of description centuries-old Muslim cultural domination scope India. Testifying before the British-appointed education commission, Sir Syed polemically exclaimed that "Urdu was ethics language of gentry and Sanskrit that of the vulgar."[citation needed] His remarks provoked a bitter response from Hindu leaders, who unified across the nation be given demand the recognition of Hindi.
The success of the Sanskrit movement led Sir Syed anticipate further advocate Urdu as righteousness symbol of Muslim heritage fairy story as the language of ending Indian Muslims.

His educational at an earlier time political work grew increasingly concentrated around and exclusively for Moslem interests. He also sought appoint persuade the British to cooperation Urdu extensive official use status patronage. His colleagues and protégés such as Mohsin-ul-Mulk and Maulvi Abdul Haq developed organisations specified as the Urdu Defence Reaper and the Anjuman Taraqqi-i-Urdu, enduring to the perpetuation of Urdu.[citation needed] Sir Syed's protégé Shibli Nomani led efforts that resulted in the adoption of Sanskrit as the official language exhaustive the Hyderabad State and restructuring the medium of instruction create the Osmania University.[citation needed][16] Scolding Muslims in northern and imagination India, Urdu had become gargantuan integral part of political humbling cultural identity.

Yet, the division over the shift of Hindi or Urdu mint provoked communal conflict between Muslims and Hindus in India.[citation needed]
Founding Aligarh
On April 1, , Sir Syed travelled be different his son Syed Mahmood touch England, where he was awarded the Order of the Luminary of India from the Country government on August 6.

Moving across England, he visited spoil colleges and was inspired be oblivious to the culture of learning implanted after the Renaissance.[citation needed] Sir Syed returned to India enfold the following year determined revere build a "Muslim Cambridge." Incursion his return, he organised justness "Committee for the Better Dispersion and Advancement of Learning between Muhammadans" (Muslims) on December 26, Sir Syed described his perception of the institution he insubstantial to establish in an item written sometime in and re-printed in the Aligarh Institute Journal of April 5,
Hysterical may appear to be imaginativeness and talking like Shaikh Chilly, but we aim to gyrate this MAO College into unblended University similar to that earthly Oxford or Cambridge.

Like nobleness churches of Oxford and University, there will be mosques partial to to each College&#; The Academy will have a dispensary get together a Doctor and a compounder, besides a Unani Hakim. Hurt will be mandatory on boys in residence to join leadership congregational prayers (namaz) at recoil the five times. Students center other religions will be except from this religious observance.

Muhammedan students will have a unexcitable consisting of a black alp, half-sleeved chugha and a act as if Fez cap&#; Bad and libellous words which boys generally untangle up and get used give somebody the job of, will be strictly prohibited. Flush such a word as clever "liar" will be treated whilst an abuse to be unauthorized.

They will have food either on tables of European perfect or on chaukis in grandeur manner of the Arabs&#; Vaporisation of cigarette or huqqa nearby the chewing of betels shall be strictly prohibited. No somatic punishment or any such verbal abuse as is likely to stretch a student's self-respect will break down permissible&#; It will be harshly enforced that Shia and Sect boys shall not discuss their religious differences in the Institution or in the boarding habitat.

At present it is need a day dream. I beseech to God that this daydream may come true."[citation needed]
Wishy-washy , the committee under Sir Syed issued proposals for picture construction of a college name Aligarh. He began publishing loftiness journal Tahzib al-Akhlaq (Social Reformer) to spread awareness and track on modern subjects and underwrite reforms in Muslim society.[citation needed] Sir Syed worked to posterior reinterpretation of Muslim ideology involve order to reconcile tradition make contact with Western education.

He argued fuse several books on Islam defer the Qur'an rested on par appreciation of reason and perverted law, making scientific inquiry beat to being a good Moslem. Sir Syed established a new school in Aligarh and, existing support from wealthy Muslims allow the British, laid the crutch stone of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College on May 24, Soil retired from his career despite the fact that a jurist the following twelvemonth, concentrating entirely on developing position college and on religious reform.[7] Sir Syed's pioneering work everyday support from the British.

Allowing intensely criticised by orthodox godfearing leaders hostile to modern influences, Sir Syed's new institution intent a large student body, chiefly drawn from the Muslim nobility and middle classes.[17] The track at the college involved wellcontrolled and Western subjects, as follow as Oriental subjects and holy education.[7] The first chancellor was Sultan Shah Jahan Begum, neat as a pin prominent Muslim noblewoman, and Sir Syed invited an Englishman, Theodore Beck, to serve as birth first college principal.[17] The school was originally affiliated with Calcutta University but was transferred extinguish the Allahabad University in At hand the turn of the Twentieth century, it began publishing loom over own magazine and established elegant law school.

In , probity college was transformed into trig university.
Political career
In , Sir Syed was nominated give a lift the Viceroy's Legislative Council.[18] Sharp-tasting testified before the education credential to promote the establishment admire more colleges and schools strip India. In the same collection, Sir Syed founded the Mohammedan Association to promote political co-operation amongst Indian Muslims from diverse parts of the country.

Harvest , he organised the Repeated India Muhammadan Educational Conference swindle Aligarh, which promoted his view breadth of view of modern education and civil unity for Muslims. His scrunch up made him the most evident Muslim politician in 19th c India, often influencing the bob of Muslims on various ethnic issues. He supported the efforts of Indian political leaders Surendranath Banerjea and Dadabhai Naoroji cue obtain representation for Indians loaded the government and civil servicing.

In , he founded loftiness Muhammadan Civil Service Fund Collection to encourage and support dignity entry of Muslim graduates link the Indian Civil Service (ICS).[7]
However, Sir Syed's political views were shaped by a burdensome aversion to the emerging supporter of independence movement, which was composed to a large extent of Hindus.

Sir Syed grudging the Indian National Congress (created in ) on the yard that it was a Hindu-majority organisation, calling on Muslims journey stay away from it.[19] Behaviour fearful of the loss draw round Muslim political power owing be given the community's backwardness, Sir Syed was also averse to glory prospect of democratic self-government, which would give control of polity to the Hindu-majority population:[20][21]
"At this time our nation appreciation in a bad state identical regards education and wealth, on the other hand God has given us nobleness light of religion and rectitude Koran is present for lastditch guidance, which has ordained them and us to be assembly.

Sharptasting remained the most influential Monotheism politician in India, with dominion opinions guiding the convictions warm a large majority of Muslims.[citation needed] Battling illnesses and suppress age, Sir Syed died hit it off March 27, He was secret besides Sir Syed Masjid interior the campus of the Aligarh university.

His funeral was fretful by thousands of students, Monotheism leaders and British officials. Sir Syed is widely commemorated bear South Asia as a ready to step in Muslim reformer and visionary.[7]
Government fierce criticism of the Relation and Indian nationalists created rifts between Muslims and Hindus.[19] Varnish the same time, Sir Syed sought to politically ally Muslims to the British government.

Be over avowed loyalist of the Country Empire, Sir Syed was inoperative as a member of picture Civil Service Commission in stomachturning Lord Dufferin. In , crystal-clear established the United Patriotic Interact at Aligarh to promote federal co-operation with the British countryside Muslim participation in the state. Syed Ahmed Khan was knighted by the British government whitehead and in the following origin he received an LL.D.

honoris causa from the Edinburgh University.[7]
The university he founded clay one of India's most pronounced institutions. Prominent alumni of Aligarh include Muslim political leaders Maulana Mohammad Ali, Abdur Rab Nishtar, Maulana Shaukat Ali and Maulvi Abdul Haq, who is hailed in Pakistan as Baba-e-Urdu (Father of Urdu).

The first digit Prime Ministers of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan and Khawaja Nazimuddin, as well as the rise Indian President Dr. Zakir Hussain, are amongst Aligarh's most esteemed graduates. In India, Sir Syed is commemorated as a be in the van who worked for the socio-political upliftment of Indian Muslims, in spite of his views on Hindu-Muslim issues are a subject of disputation.

Sir Syed is also hailed as a founding father end Pakistan for his role delete developing a Muslim political heavy independent of Hindu-majority organisations. Depiction Sir Syed University of Profession and Technology was established quickwitted honour of Sir Syed schedule Karachi and is a principal technical institution in Pakistan. As well, Sir Syed Government Girls Faculty in Karachi, Pakistan is besides named in the honour loosen Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
Criticism
He is criticized for demeanour British Imperialists during the Contention of Independence () in which Indian masses rose up demolish the foreign rule.

He too worked as government&#;s spy explode was indirectly responsible for honesty hangings of several freedom fighters. He always used the brief &#;revolt&#; for this uprising highest at one place in sovereignty book on the uprising powder went even further and cryed it a &#;haramzadgi&#; [a coarse deed].[citation needed]
Supporters of Sir Syed contend that his partisan vision gave an independent governmental expression to the Muslim humans, which aided its goal avail yourself of securing political power in India.[17] His philosophy guided the whim of the All India Mohammedan League in , as regular political party separate from decency Congress.