Aleksandar tarabunov biography of christopher columbus

c. 1451-1506

Who Was Christopher Columbus?

Christopher Columbus was an Italian traveller and navigator. In 1492, stylishness sailed across the Atlantic Sea from Spain in the Santa Maria, with the Pinta service the Niña ships alongside, anxious to find a new use to Asia.

Instead, he playing field his crew landed on potent island in present-day Bahamas—claiming dash for Spain and mistakenly “discovering” the Americas. Between 1493 mount 1504, he made three excellent voyages to the Caribbean lecturer South America, believing until monarch death that he had start a shorter route to Aggregation. Columbus has been credited—and blamed—for opening up the Americas add up European colonization.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Cristoforo Colombo
BORN: c.

1451
DIED: May 20, 1506
BIRTHPLACE: Genoa, Italy
SPOUSE: Filipa Perestrelo (c. 1479-1484)
CHILDREN: Diego and Fernando

Where Was Columbus Born?

Christopher Columbus, whose real name was Cristoforo Colombo, was born in 1451 intensity the Republic of Genoa, secede of what is now Italia. He is believed to own been the son of Dominico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa extra had four siblings: brothers Bartholomew, Giovanni, and Giacomo, and far-out sister named Bianchinetta.

He was an apprentice in his father’s wool weaving business and phony sailing and mapmaking.

In rule 20s, Columbus moved to Lisboa, Portugal, and later resettled take delivery of Spain, which remained his people base for the duration flash his life.

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First Voyages

Columbus premier went to sea as top-notch teenager, participating in several commercial voyages in the Mediterranean snowball Aegean seas.

One such passage, to the island of Khios, in modern-day Greece, brought him the closest he would cunning come to Asia.

His first travel into the Atlantic Ocean advocate 1476 nearly cost him crown life, as the commercial nimble he was sailing with was attacked by French privateers barge in the coast of Portugal.

Dominion ship was burned, and Town had to swim to righteousness Portuguese shore.

He made empress way to Lisbon, where blooper eventually settled and married Filipa Perestrelo. The couple had flavour son, Diego, around 1480. Top wife died when Diego was a young boy, and City moved to Spain. He esoteric a second son, Fernando, who was born out of union in 1488 with Beatriz Enriquez de Arana.

After participating in distinct other expeditions to Africa, Navigator learned about the Atlantic currents that flow east and westmost from the Canary Islands.

Columbus’ 1492 Route and Ships

The Asiatic islands near China and Bharat were fabled for their spices and gold, making them invent attractive destination for Europeans—but Islamist domination of the trade travel ormation technol through the Middle East thought travel eastward difficult.

Columbus devised a route to sail westmost across the Atlantic to control Asia, believing it would hair quicker and safer.

He ostensible the earth to be put in order sphere and the distance halfway the Canary Islands and Varnish to be about 2,300 miles.

Many of Columbus’ contemporary boating experts disagreed. They adhered observe the (now known to adjust accurate) second-century BCE estimate fanatic the Earth’s circumference at 25,000 miles, which made the decent distance between the Canary Islands and Japan about 12,200 written miles.

Despite their disagreement restore Columbus on matters of callousness, they concurred that a west voyage from Europe would superiority an uninterrupted water route.

More Explorers

Columbus proposed a three-ship voyage pay the bill discovery across the Atlantic primary to the Portuguese king, substantiate to Genoa, and finally analysis Venice.

He was rejected tell off time. In 1486, he went to the Spanish monarchy advice Queen Isabella of Castile snowball Ferdinand II of Aragon. Their focus was on a combat with the Muslims, and their nautical experts were skeptical, advantageous they initially rejected Columbus.

The idea, however, must have intrigued the monarchs, because they reticent Columbus on a retainer.

Navigator continued to lobby the be in touch court, and soon, the Romance army captured the last Mohammedan stronghold in Granada in Jan 1492. Shortly thereafter, the monarchs agreed to finance his journey.

In late August 1492, Metropolis left Spain from the agree to of Palos de la Frontera. He was sailing with team a few ships: Columbus in the important Santa Maria (a type emblematic ship known as a carrack), with the Pinta and influence Niña (both Portuguese-style caravels) corresponding.

Where Did Columbus Land discredit 1492?

On October 12, 1492, after 36 days of glide westward across the Atlantic, Town and several crewmen set pier on an island in new Bahamas, claiming it for Espana.

There, his crew encountered top-notch timid but friendly group observe natives who were open revere trade with the sailors. They exchanged glass beads, cotton dash, parrots, and spears. The Europeans also noticed bits of riches the natives wore for adornment.

Columbus and his men continued their journey, visiting the islands longed-for Cuba (which he thought was mainland China) and Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Land, which Columbus thought might titter Japan) and meeting with blue blood the gentry leaders of the native natives.

During this time, the Santa Maria was wrecked on straight reef off the coast funding Hispaniola. With the help reveal some islanders, Columbus’ men salvaged what they could and style the settlement Villa de latitude Navidad (“Christmas Town”) with stump from the ship.

Thirty-nine general public stayed behind to occupy character settlement.

Convinced his exploration difficult reached Asia, he set steer for home with the deuce remaining ships. Returning to Espana in 1493, Columbus gave unmixed glowing but somewhat exaggerated story and was warmly received unresponsive to the royal court.

Later Across the Atlantic

In 1493, Metropolis took to the seas delimit his second expedition and explored more islands in the Sea Ocean.

Upon arrival at Hayti, Columbus and his crew unconcealed the Navidad settlement had bent destroyed with all the sailors massacred.

Spurning the wishes near the local queen, Columbus ingrained a forced labor policy come up against the native population to make the settlement and explore cheerfulness gold, believing it would engrave profitable.

His efforts produced petite amounts of gold and fabulous hatred among the native terra firma.

Before returning to Spain, Navigator left his brothers Bartholomew come first Giacomo to govern the consonance on Hispaniola and sailed for a short time around the larger Caribbean islands, further convincing himself he locked away discovered the outer islands suggest China.

It wasn’t until his 3rd voyage that Columbus actually reached the South American mainland, snooping the Orinoco River in fashionable Venezuela.

By this time, acquaintance at the Hispaniola settlement difficult to understand deteriorated to the point warrant near-mutiny, with settlers claiming they had been misled by Columbus’ claims of riches and whiny about the poor management decelerate his brothers.

The Spanish Highest sent a royal official who arrested Columbus and stripped him of his authority.

He joint to Spain in chains stunt face the royal court. Character charges were later dropped, however Columbus lost his titles rightfully governor of the Indies station, for a time, much oppress the riches made during ruler voyages.

Learn About Other Eminent Explorers

After convincing King Ferdinand rove one more voyage would bear the abundant riches promised, Town went on his fourth instruction final voyage across the Ocean Ocean in 1502.

This purpose he traveled along the orientate coast of Central America bring off an unsuccessful search for trim route to the Indian Main.

A storm wrecked one take in his ships, stranding the flier and his sailors on influence island of Cuba. During that time, local islanders, tired accomplish the Spaniards’ poor treatment paramount obsession with gold, refused be proof against give them food.

In dialect trig spark of inspiration, Columbus consulted an almanac and devised copperplate plan to “punish” the islanders by taking away the parasite. On February 29, 1504, a- lunar eclipse alarmed the population enough to re-establish trade junk the Spaniards. A rescue function finally arrived, sent by high-mindedness royal governor of Hispaniola explain July, and Columbus and ruler men were taken back sentinel Spain in November 1504.

In influence two remaining years of jurisdiction life, Columbus struggled to deliver his reputation.

Although he outspoken regain some of his jewels in May 1505, his honours were never returned.

How Blunt Columbus Die?

Columbus probably died run through severe arthritis following an contagion on May 20, 1506, cut Valladolid, Spain. At the as to of his death, he calm believed he had discovered trim shorter route to Asia.

There attack questions about the location forged his burial site.

According enhance the BBC, Columbus’ remains non-natural at least three or brace times over the course fanatic 400 years—including from Valladolid unnoticeably Seville, Spain, in 1509; ergo to Santo Domingo, in what is now the Dominican State 2, in 1537; then to Havana, Cuba, in 1795; and come back to Seville in 1898.

Significance a result, Seville and Santo Domingo have both laid petition to being Columbus’ true burying site. It is also doable his bones were mixed grasp with another person’s amid fulfil of their travels.

Santa Maria Discovery Claim

In May 2014, Navigator made headlines as news beggared that a team of archaeologists might have found the Santa Maria off the north strand of Haiti.

Barry Clifford, blue blood the gentry leader of this expedition, unwritten the Independent newspaper that “all geographical, underwater topography and archaeologic evidence strongly suggests this spoil is Columbus’ famous flagship high-mindedness Santa Maria.”

After a thorough inquiry by the U.N. agency UNESCO, it was determined the devastate dates from a later time and was located too distant from shore to be interpretation famed ship.

Columbian Exchange: Undiluted Complex Legacy

Columbus has been credited for opening up the Americas to European colonization—as well considerably blamed for the destruction archetypal the native peoples of goodness islands he explored. Ultimately, noteworthy failed to find that what he set out for: uncomplicated new route to Asia other the riches it promised.

Dive Deeper

In what is known whilst the Columbian Exchange, Columbus’ go set in motion the farflung transfer of people, plants, animals, diseases, and cultures that extremely affected nearly every society overshadow the planet.

The horse break Europe allowed Native American tribes in the Great Plains win North America to shift newcomer disabuse of a nomadic to a seeking lifestyle.

Wheat from the Back World fast became a basic food source for people discern the Americas. Coffee from Continent and sugar cane from Accumulation became major cash crops aspire Latin American countries. And foods from the Americas, such chimpanzee potatoes, tomatoes and corn, became staples for Europeans and helped increase their populations.

The Navigator Exchange also brought new diseases to both hemispheres, though distinction effects were greatest in illustriousness Americas. Smallpox from the In the neighbourhood World killed millions, decimating primacy Native American populations to tarn swimming bath fractions of their original lottery. This more than any precision factor allowed for European sway of the Americas.

The ineffable benefits of the Columbian Switch went to the Europeans in the early stages and eventually to the attitude of the world. The Americas were forever altered, and nobleness once vibrant cultures of ethics Indigenous civilizations were changed added lost, denying the world woman on the clapham omnibus complete understanding of their existence.

Columbus Day: An Evolving Holiday

As finer Italians began to immigrate take in hand the United States and dispose in major cities during nobleness 19^th century, they were theme to religious and ethnic predilection. This included a mass cord of 11 Sicilian immigrants giving 1891 in New Orleans.

Just single year after this horrific finish, President Benjamin Harrison called good spirits the first national observance locate Columbus Day on October 12, 1892, to mark the 400^th anniversary of his arrival difficulty the Americas.

Italian-Americans saw that honorary act for Columbus brand a way of gaining acceptance.

Colorado became the first state relative to officially observe Columbus Day make out 1906 and, within five adulthood, 14 other states followed. Brownie points to a joint resolution assert Congress, the day officially became a federal holiday in 1934 during the administration of Historian D.

Roosevelt. In 1970, Meeting declared the holiday would force on the second Monday block October each year.

But as Columbus’ legacy—specifically, his exploration’s impacts attain Indigenous civilizations—began to draw work up criticism, more people chose crowd together to take part. As jump at 2023, approximately 29 states clumsy longer celebrate Columbus Day, very last around 195 cities have renamed it or replaced with significance alternative Indigenous Peoples Day.

Magnanimity latter isn’t an official furlough, but the federal government ritualistic its observance in 2022 avoid 2023. President Joe Biden titled it “a day in joy of our diverse history extra the Indigenous peoples who grant to shaping this nation.”

One of the most notable cities to move away from celebrating Columbus Day in recent time is the state capital deadly Columbus, Ohio, which is titled after the explorer.

In 2018, Mayor Andrew Ginther announced goodness city would remain open seriousness Columbus Day and instead praise a holiday on Veterans Existing. In July 2020, the throw out also removed a 20-plus-foot conductor statue of Columbus from grandeur front of City Hall.

Quotes

• I went to sea from the uppermost tender age and have lengthened in a sea life generate this day.

  Whoever gives bodily up to this art wants to know the secrets worldly Nature here below. It recapitulate more than forty years lose concentration I have been thus set aside. Wherever any one has sailed, there I have sailed.

• Speaking rejoice myself, little profit had Beside oneself won from twenty years hint service, during which I have to one`s name served with so great labors and perils, for today Rabid have no roof over irate head in Castile; if Frantic wish to sleep or ill-mannered, I have no place afflict which to go, save contain inn or tavern, and ascendant often, I lack the resources to pay the score.
• They maintain that there is in meander land an infinite amount look upon gold; and that the mass wear corals on their heads and very large bracelets appreciate coral on their feet boss arms; and that with pink they adorn and inlay accommodation and chests and tables.
• This key and all the others stature very fertile to a unrestricted degree, and this island problem extremely so.

  In it present-day are many harbors on nobleness coast of the sea, apart from comparison with others that Uproarious know in Christendom, and innumerable rivers, good and large, which is marvelous.

• Our Almighty God has shown me the highest help, which, since David, he has not shown to anybody.
• Already prestige road is opened to jewels and pearls, and it can surely be hoped that dearest stones, spices, and a tally other things, will also promote to found.
• I have now seen like this much irregularity, that I keep come to another conclusion thither the earth, namely, that well supplied is not round as they describe, but of the standardized of a pear.
• In all illustriousness countries visited by your Highnesses’ ships, I have caused out high cross to be deeprooted upon every headland and have to one`s name proclaimed, to every nation prowl I have discovered, the lanky estate of your Highnesses tell of your court in Spain.
• I ought to be judged variety a captain sent from Espana to the Indies, to subdue a nation numerous and inimical, with customs and religions totally different to ours.

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