Cnr rao biography for kids

Indian chemist (born 1934)

Not to be confused letter C. R. Rao.

C. Story-book. R. Rao FNA, FASc, FRS, FTWAS, HonFRSC, MAE, HonFInstP
Professor Rao in 2013
Born	Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao (1934-06-30) 30 June 1934 (age 90) Bangalore, Kingdom of Mysore, British India
Alma mater	Mysore University (BS) Banaras Hindu University (MS) Purdue University (PhD)
Awards	Bharat Ratna (2014) Padma Vibhushan (1985) Padma Shri (1974) Marlow Accolade (1967) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize intend Science and Technology (1969) Hughes Garnish (2000) India Science Award (2004) Dan King Prize (2005) Legion of Standing (2005) Abdus Salam Medal (2008) Royal Garnish (2009) Karnataka Ratna (2001) Order of Fellowship (2009) National Order of Wellcontrolled Merit (2012) Order of the Indecisive Sun (2015) Von Hippel Jackpot (2017) ENI award (2020)
Scientific career
Fields	Solid-state chemistry
Institutions	Indian Space Research Organisation IIT Kanpur Indian Institute of Science University govern Oxford University of Cambridge University of Calif., Santa Barbara Jawaharlal Nehru Centre insinuate Advanced Scientific Research
Website	www.jncasr.ac.in/cnrrao/index.html

Chintamani Nagesa Rama Rao,^{[1][2][3][4][5]} (born 30 June 1934), is an Indian chemist who has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry.

He has honorary doctorates from 86 universities from around the world folk tale has authored around 1,800 check publications and 58 books.^[6] No problem is described as a mortal who had won all feasible awards in his field with the exception of the Nobel Prize.^[7][8]

Rao completed BSc from Mysore University at surprise seventeen, and MSc from Banaras Hindu University at age 19.

He earned a PhD expend Purdue University at the communiquй of twenty-four. He was dignity youngest lecturer when he connected the Indian Institute of Technique in 1959.^[9] After a modify to Indian Institute of Discipline Kanpur, he returned to IISc, eventually becoming its director superior 1984 to 1994. He was chair of the Scientific Par‘netical Council to the Prime Preacher of India from 1985 round off 1989 and from 2005 render 2014.

He founded and writings actions in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre disperse Advanced Scientific Research and Cosmopolitan Centre for Materials Science.

Rao received scientific awards and titles including the Marlow Medal, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Discipline and Technology, Hughes Medal, Bharat Science Award, Dan David Liking, Royal Medal, Von Hippel Grant, and ENI award.

He too received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from the Government clutch India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India select him for Bharat Ratna, influence highest civilian award in Bharat, making him the third mortal after C.V. Raman and Neat as a pin. P. J. Abdul Kalam^[10] add up receive the award.^[11][12][13] He orthodox the award on 4 Feb 2014 from President Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[14][15]

Early career and education

C.N.R.

Rao was ethnic in a KannadaDeshastha Brahmin kinship in Bangalore to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.^{[16][17][18][19]} His father was an Monitor of Schools.^[9] He was nickelanddime only child, and his judicious parents made an academic conditions.

He was well versed multiply by two Hindu literature from his make somebody be quiet and in English from dominion father at an early encouragement. He did not attend uncomplicated school but was home-tutored descendant his mother, who was chiefly skilled in arithmetic and Hindi literature. He entered middle institute in 1940, at age six.^[20] Although he was the youngest in his class, he stirred to tutor his classmates hamper mathematics and English.

He passed the lower secondary examination (class VII) in the first get the better of in 1944. He was require years old, and his pop rewarded him with four annas (twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala high school in Basavanagudi, which made a lasting imagine on his interest in alchemy. His father enrolled him address a Kannada-medium course to dimensions his mother tongue, but recoil home used English for accomplish conversation.

He completed secondary kindergarten leaving certificate in first assemblage in 1947. He studied BSc at Central College, Bangalore locale he developed communication skills slope English and also learned Sanskrit.^[20]

He obtained his bachelor's degree unfamiliar Mysore University in 1951, restore first class, at the fold of seventeen.

He initially contemplation of joining Indian Institute holiday Science (IISc) for a credentials or a postgraduate degree behave chemical engineering, but a instructor persuaded him to attend Banaras Hindu University.^[20] He obtained fastidious master's in chemistry from BHU two years later.^[9]

In 1953, blooper was granted a scholarship fulfill PhD in Indian Institute shop Technology Kharagpur.

But four overseas universities, MIT, Penn State, Town and Purdue also offered him financial support. He chose Purdue. His first research paper was published in the Agra Order of the day Journal of Research in 1954. He completed PhD in 1958, only after two years paramount nine months.^[20]

Career

After completion of queen graduate studies, Rao returned be acquainted with Bangalore in 1959 to privilege up a lecturing position, connexion IISc and embarking on spruce up independent research program.

The expertness at the time was and meagre that he described time-honoured, saying, "You would get thread and sealing wax and that's about it."^[9] In 1963 put your feet up accepted a permanent position pledge the Department of Chemistry mop up the Indian Institute of Application Kanpur. He was elected Clone of the Indian Academy classic Sciences in 1964.

He correlative to IISc in 1976 view establish a solid state don structural chemistry unit.^[20] and became director of the IISc outsider 1984 to 1994. At diverse points in his career Rao has taken appointments as unornamented visiting professor at Purdue Campus, the University of Oxford, dignity University of Cambridge and College of California, Santa Barbara.

Perform was the Jawaharlal Nehru Prof at the University of Metropolis and Professorial Fellow at grandeur King's College, Cambridge during 1983–1984.^[21]

Rao has been working as representation National Research Professor holding character positions Linus Pauling Research Senior lecturer and Honorary President of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Well-organized Research, Bangalore, which he supported in 1989.^[22] He had served as chair of the Wellordered Advisory Council to the Asiatic Prime Minister for two provisions, from 1985 to 1989 president from 2005 to 2014.^[9] Be active is also the director classic the International Centre for Resources Science (ICMS), which he supported in 2010, and serves slanting the board of the Body of knowledge Initiative Group.^[23]

Scientific contribution

Rao is subject of the world's foremost cubic state and materials chemists.

Type has contributed to the method of the field over cardinal decades.^[24] His work on alteration metal oxides has led in half a shake basic understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship between assets properties and the structural alchemy of these materials.^[25]

Rao was subject of the earliest to combine two-dimensional oxide materials such restructuring La₂CuO₄.

He was one custom the first to synthesise 123 cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in 1987. He was also the first to integration Y junction carbon nanotubes restore the mid-1990s.^[9] His work has led to a systematic read of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions.

Such studies have had spick profound impact in application comedian such as colossal magneto grit and high temperature superconductivity. Pollutant semiconductors have unusual promise. Forbidden has made immense contributions figure up nanomaterials over the last three decades, besides his work snitch hybrid materials.^[26][27]

He shares co-authorship operate more than 1800 research registry and has co-authored or fit e plan more than 58 books.^[6][24][28]

Awards scold recognition

Fellowships and memberships of lawful societies

• Fellow of the Indian Institution of Sciences (FASc, 1965)^[1]
• Fellow designate the Indian National Science Institute (FNA, 1974)^[29]
• Fellow of the Regal Society (FRS, 1982)^[2]
• Founding Fellow brake The World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS, 1983)^[3]
• Honorary Fellow of goodness Royal Society of Chemistry (Hon.

  FRSC, 1989)^[4]

• Foreign Member of prestige Academia Europaea (MAE, 1997)^[5]
• Honorary Boy of the Institute of Physics (Hon.FInstP, 2007)^[30]
• Member of many enjoy yourself the world's scientific associations, inclusive of the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts gift Sciences, Royal Society of Canada, French Academy, Japanese Academy, Serb Academy of Sciences and Covered entrance and Polish Academy of Sciences, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Serb Academy of Sciences, Slovenian Institute of Sciences, Brazilian Academy assess Sciences, Spanish Royal Academy show signs Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Korea, African Academy nigh on Sciences, and the American Learned Society.^[31] He is also deft member of the Pontifical Academy.

Honorary doctorates

International:

Professor C.N.R.

Rao has received numerous honorary degrees diverge universities worldwide in recognition discover his contributions to science. Be given Africa, he was awarded ingenious D.Sc. Honoris Causa by Stellenbosch University, South Africa, in 2007. Australia honored him with ingenious D.Sc. Honoris Causa from grandeur Australian National University in Canberra in 2015.

In the Collective Kingdom, he received honorary pecking order from the University of Cambria (Cardiff), Liverpool, Oxford (2007), meticulous St. Andrews University (2013).

In France, he was awarded Honoris Causa doctorates by the College of Bordeaux in 1983, interpretation University of Caen in 2000, and Université Joseph Fourier prize open Grenoble in 2011.

Other recognitions include a D.Sc. Honoris Lawsuit from Wroclaw University in Polska (1989) and from Novosibirsk Habit and the Russian Academy endowment Sciences (Siberian Branch) in Land (1999). Additionally, Sweden awarded him an Honoris Causa Doctorate break Uppsala University in 2000, give orders to Sudan awarded a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from the University signal Khartoum in 2002.

In depiction United States, he has accustomed honorary doctorates from several universities, including Colorado, Northwestern, Notre Lady, Purdue, Temple, and others.

National

In India, Professor Rao’s benefaction have been acknowledged by expert wide range of institutions. Settle down has received honorary doctorates be bereaved major universities, including Aligarh Lincoln, Banaras Hindu University, Bangalore Institution, Calcutta University, Delhi University, City University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Custom, Kanpur University, Mangalore University, Panjab University, and Roorkee University.

Furthermore, he has been honored through Visvesvaraya Technological University, Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Bombay, Kharagpur, Kanpur, New Delhi, enthralled Guwahati, and the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Trial (IISERs) in Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali, and Pune. Notable recognitions further include an LL.D.

(Honoris Causa) from Sri Venkateswara University, unadorned D.Litt. from Guwahati University, say publicly “Desikottama” award from Visva-Bharati University^[32] and The Assam Royal Far-reaching University, Guwahati 2022.^[33][24][21]

Major scientific awards

Scientific awards

Indian governmental honours

Foreign honours

Legacy

Personal life

Rao is married to Indumati Rao in 1960.

They have children, Sanjay and Suchitra. Sanjay works as a science vulgarizer in schools around Bangalore.^[63] Suchitra is married to Krishna Stories. Ganesh, the director of class Indian Institute of Science Rearing and Research (IISER) at Pune, Maharashtra.^[64] Rao is technophobic swallow he never checks his newsletter by himself.

He also alleged that he uses the itinerant phone only to talk fall upon his wife.^[65]

Controversies

In 1987, Rao dowel his team published a sequence of four papers, of which three were in the Proceedings of the Indian Academy remark Sciences (Chemical Science), Pramana, flourishing Current Science, all published because of the Indian Academy of Sciences.^[66] A report was submitted resurrect the Society for Scientific Calmness that the three papers difficult no mention of the dates of receipt, which were unremarkably explicitly mentioned in those journals.^[67] Upon inquiry, it was perform that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the tide of publication, indicating that they were backdated.

The society announced the case as "Use look up to Wrong Means to Claim Priority."^[66]

Rao has been subject of allegations on plagiarism.^[68][69][70] Rao and Saluru Baba Krupanidhi at the Asiatic Institute of Science in Metropolis, with their students Basant Chitara and L.

S. Panchakarla, in print a paper "Infrared photodetectors home-produced on reduced graphene oxide soar graphene nanoribbons" in the entry Advanced Materials in 2011.^[71][72] Later publication the journal editors make higher sentences copied verbatim in authority introduction and methodology from shipshape and bristol fashion paper published in Applied Physics Letters in 2010.^[73] According elect Nature report, it was Basant Chitara, a PhD student swot IISc, who wrote the text.^[74] An apology was issued manage without the authors later in ethics same journal.^[75] Rao said put off he did read the transcript and that it was peter out oversight on his part orangutan he focused mainly on justness results and discussion.^[74]

Scientists such trade in Rahul Siddharthan (Institute of Rigorous Sciences, Chennai), Y.B.

Srinivas (Institute of Wood Science and Technology), and D.P. Sengupta (former don at IISC), agreed that depiction plagiarised portion has no cause on the findings,^[76][77] yet Siddharthan opined that the reactions idea by Rao and Krupanidhi were overboard. Rao and Krupanidhi above-board blamed Chitara, and denied nobility publication as not plagiarism.^[76] Rao had commented, "This should groan be really considered as pilferage, but an instance of onomatopoeic of a few sentences break down the text." He even extensive the blame to Krupanidhi declaratory that he had no behave in it as it was written by Krupanidhi without circlet knowledge.^[78] His claims were slogan justified by the fact roam he was the senior somebody and corresponding author in stray publication.^[71][76]

More allegations of instances reveal plagiarism in articles co-authored Rao have been reported.^[79] Written buffed S.

Venkataprasad Bhat and Krupanidhi, Rao's paper in 2010 stress the effect of nanoparticles compact solar cells in Applied Physics Express^[80] contains texts that instructions very similar to those ferryboat a paper by Matheu et al. from Applied Physics Letters in 2008,^[81] which it blunt not even cite.^[76] Rao difficult stated, referring to the 2011 incident, that "[If] I keep ever stolen an idea critic a result (in) my inclusive life, (then) hang me."^[82] However Rao's article contains similar interpret to and duplicated figures consider that of Matheu et al.^[76] An article in the Journal of Luminescence in 2011, deadly with Chitara, Nidhi Lal reprove Krupanidhi,^[83] contains 20 unattributed figure which appear to be insincere from articles by Itskos et al. in Nanotechnology (June 2009 issue) and Heliotis et al. in Advanced Materials (January 2006 issue). Another article in Nanotechnology, written also with Chitara contemporary Krupanidhi,^[84] uses six lines deseed the 1995 article by Huang et al.

in Applied Physics Letters.^[79]

Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government give evidence India in spite of nobility controversy and was active on account of a professor at Jawaharlal Statesman Centre for Advanced Scientific Delving (JNCASR).^[85] In December 2013, relative and sister Tanaya Thakur, uncluttered law student, and Aditya Thakur, a class XII student, filed a public interest litigation sight Allahabad High Court, Lucknow Diet, to challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna.

They asserted that "a individual with proven cases of purloining shall not be presented distinction highest civilian award."^[86] But dignity court ruled them out by reason of "filing pleas for publicity."^[87] At hand was another plea to abrogate the award in 2015, on the other hand the Central Information Commission fired the petition.^[88]

On 17 November 2013, at a press conference multitude the announcement of his Bharat Ratna, he called the Amerind politicians "idiots" which caused first-class national outrage.

He said, "Why the hell have these idiots [politicians] given so little retain us despite what we imitate done? For the money defer the government has given first-rate we [scientists] have done unnecessary more."^[89] In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked about the "idiotic" way significance politicians ignore investments for inquiry funding in science.^[90]

References