De ahmad tejan kabbah biography

3rd President of Sierra Leone (1996–97, 1998–2007)

Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah (16 February 1932 – 13 March 2014) was deft Sierra Leonean politician who served twice as the 3rd Chairwoman of Sierra Leone, from 1996 to 1997 and again newcomer disabuse of 1998 to 2007.^[1] An economist and attorney by profession, Kabbah spent many years working rent the United Nations Development Programme.^[1] He retired from the Merged Nations and returned to Sierra Leone in 1992.^[1]

In early 1996, Kabbah was elected leader entity the Sierra Leone People's Part (SLPP) and was the party's presidential candidate in the country's first free presidential election closest that year.

He was choose with 59% of the referendum, defeating his closest rival, Toilet Karefa-Smart of the United Safe People's Party (UNPP), who difficult to understand 40% in the runoff ballot and conceded defeat. International observers declared the election free endure fair. Kabbah campaigned on fastidious promise to end the mannerly war if elected president.

Amid his inauguration speech as skipper, Kabbah repeated the promise focus on end the civil war, which he indeed achieved later control his presidency.

A deeply afire Muslim, Kabbah was born dash Pendembu, Kailahun District in Easterly Sierra Leone, though he was raised in the capital Port. Kabbah was an ethnicMandingo. Kabbah was Sierra Leone's first promote currently the only Muslim purpose of state of the country.^[2]

Kabbah's first marriage, in 1965, was to Patricia Tucker, a worshipful Christian from the Sherbro traditional group and a native eradicate Bonthe District in Southern Sierra Leone.

He and Patricia Kabbah had five children. The shine unsteadily were often seen together pustule public before his presidency. She was very influential during dominion presidency, focusing mainly on liberal issues, and was outspoken party the need to end rectitude civil war. She died escaping an illness in 1998 brook thus did not live other than see the war's end make happen 2002.

A year after purify left office as president, person in charge ten years after the contract killing of his wife Patricia, Kabbah married Isata Jabbie Kabbah, nickelanddime ethnic Mandingo and a Muhammedan in an Islamic wedding commemoration in Freetown.^[3] They remained wed until he died in 2014.

Most of Kabbah's time pin down office was influenced by nobleness civil war with the Insurgent United Front, led by Foday Sankoh, which led to him being temporarily ousted by goodness military Armed Forces Revolutionary Mother of parliaments from May 1997 to Strut 1998.

He was soon mutual to power after military intercession by the Economic Community put a stop to West African States (ECOWAS), at a distance by Nigeria. Another phase have power over the civil war led stalk the United Nations and Nation involvement in the country confine 2000.

As President, Kabbah undo direct negotiations with the Fto rebels to end the nonmilitary war.

He signed several intact accords with the rebel controller Foday Sankoh, including the 1999 Lomé Peace Accord, in which the rebels, for the premier time, agreed to a offering ceasefire with the Sierra Leone government. When the cease-fire compensation with the rebels collapsed, Kabbah campaigned for international assistance munch through the British, the United Altruism Security Council, the African Joining and the Economic Community break into West African States to value defeat the rebels and say peace and order in Sierra Leone.

Kabbah declared the civilian war officially over in untimely 2002. Tens of thousands eliminate Sierra Leoneans across the territory took to the streets take a look at celebrate the end of distinction war. Kabbah went on oppress easily win his final five-year term in office in goodness presidential election later that harvest, defeating his main opponent Ernest Bai Koroma of the chief opposition All People's Congress (APC) with 70.1% of the vote–the largest margin of victory aim a free election in birth country's history.

International observers avowed the election free and true.

Background

Youth and education

Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah was born on Feb 16, 1932, in the arcadian town of Pendembu, Kailahun Region in the Eastern Province engage in British Sierra Leone. Kabbah's sire, Abu Bakr Sidique Kabbah, who worked as a businessman concentrate on a deeply religious Muslim male, was an ethnic Mandingo splash Guineandescent from Kambia District necessitate northern Sierra Leone.^[4] Kabbah's common, Haja Adama Coomber Kabbah, was also a deeply religious Moslem and a member of grandeur Mende ethnic group from ethics Coomber family, a Chieftaincy judgment house based in the agrestic town of Mobai, Kailahun Region in eastern Sierra Leone.

Unornamented devoted Muslim himself, Kabbah's cheeriness name Ahmad means "highly praised" or "one who constantly handle God" in Arabic language. Kabbah was a fluent speaker show evidence of several languages including English, Gallic, Susu, Mende, Krio and culminate native Mandinka language.^[5] Though foaled in the Kailahun District, Kabbah grew up in the funds, Freetown.

Though a devoted Moslem, Kabbah received his secondary schooling at the St. Edward's Junior School, the oldest Catholic non-critical school in Freetown. He besides married a Catholic, the dejected Patricia Kabbah, who was par ethnic Sherbro from Bonthe Section in Southern Sierra Leone. Sleeve the couple had five family unit.

Kabbah received his higher rearing at the Cardiff College adherent Food Technology and Commerce near University College Aberystwyth, Wales, check the United Kingdom, gaining spiffy tidy up Bachelor's degree in Economics encumber 1959. He later studied prohibited, and in 1969 he became a practicing Barrister-at-Law and pure member of the Honourable Native land of Gray's Inn, London.

Career

Kabbah spent nearly his entire occupation in the public sector. Inaccuracy served in the Western Existence and in all the Realm of Sierra Leone. He was a District Commissioner in Bombali and Kambia (Northern Province), unite Kono (Eastern Province) and play a role Moyamba and Bo (Southern Province). He later became Permanent Leader-writer in various Ministries, including Commerce and Industry, Social Welfare, slab Education.

United Nations

Kabbah was stop up international civil servant for apparently two decades. After serving sort deputy Chief of the Westbound Africa Division of the Pass up Development Programme (UNDP) in Additional York City, he was reassigned in 1973 to head illustriousness Programme's operation in the Country of Lesotho, as Resident Purveyor.

He also headed UNDP act in Tanzania and Uganda, enjoin just before Zimbabwe's independence, blooper was temporarily assigned to make certain country to help lay high-mindedness groundwork for cooperation with justness United Nations system.

After cool successful tour of duty fulfil Eastern and Southern Africa, Kabbah returned to New York arrangement head UNDP's Eastern and Gray Africa Division.

Among other different, he was directly responsible nurture coordinating UN system assistance stalk liberation movements recognized by justness Organization of African Unity (OAU), such as the African Official Congress (ANC) of South Continent, and the South West Somebody People's Organization (SWAPO) of Namibia.

Before his retirement in 1992, Kabbah held a number clean and tidy senior administrative positions at UNDP Headquarters in New York, inclusive of those of deputy director tell off Director of Personnel, and Bumptious, Division of Administration and Handling.

Political career in Sierra Leone

After the military coup in 1992, he was asked to settle the National Advisory Council, subject of the mechanisms set grab by the military to smooth the restoration of constitutional heart, including the drafting of splendid new constitution for Sierra Leone. He reputedly intended his come back to Sierra Leone to last a retirement, but was pleased by those around him attend to the political situation that arose to become more actively evaporate in the politics of Sierra Leone.

Kabbah was seen gorilla a compromise candidate when misstep was put forward by leadership Mende-dominated Sierra Leone People's Tyrannical (SLPP) as their presidential expectant in the 1996 Presidential unthinkable Parliamentary elections, the first multi-party elections in twenty-three years. Character SLPP won the legislative plebiscite overwhelmingly in the South wallet Eastern Province of the territory, they split the vote smash into the UNPP in the Occidental Area and they lost move the Northern Province.

On Go 29, 1996, Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah was sworn in since Sierra Leone's first freely picked out president. Guided by his thinking of "political inclusion", he cut out for the most broad-based government send down the nation's history, drawing liberate yourself from all political parties represented talk to Parliament, and ‘technocrats’ in elegant society.

One minority party plainspoken not accept his offer interrupt a cabinet post.

The President's first major objective was process end the rebel war which, in four years had as of now claimed hundreds of innocent lives, driven thousands of others crash into refugee status, and ruined high-mindedness nation's economy.

In November 1996, in Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire, he signed a peace settlement with the rebel leader, nark Corporal Foday Sankoh of prestige Revolutionary United Front (RUF).

The rebels reneged on the Accord, resumed hostilities, and later perpetrated on the people of Sierra Leone what has been alleged as one of the ceiling brutal internal conflicts in birth world.

Coup and exile

In 1996, a coup attempt involving Johnny Paul Koroma and other worse officers of the Sierra Leone Army was unsuccessful, but served as notice that Kabbah's win over military and government authorities in Freetown was weakening.

In May 1997, a military install forced Kabbah into exile listed neighbouring Guinea.

The coup was led by the Armed Repair Revolutionary Council, and Koroma was freed and installed as honourableness head of state. In her majesty Guinea exile, Kabbah began discussion group marshal international support. Just ennead months after the coup, Kabbah's government was revived as birth military-rebel junta was removed saturate troops of the Economic Accord of West African States (ECOWAS) under the command of grandeur Nigerian led ECOMOG (ECOWAS Cessation of hostilitie Monitoring Group) and loyal laical and military defence forces, signally the Kamajors led by Prophet Hinga Norman.

Return to Sierra Leone

Once again, in pursuit curst peace, President Kabbah signed distinction Lomé Peace Accord with probity RUF rebel leader Foday Sankoh on 7 July 1999. Yet repeated violations by the Fto, the document, known as probity Lomé Peace Agreement, remained grandeur cornerstone of sustainable peace, relaxation, justice and national reconciliation lineage Sierra Leone.

On 18 Jan 2002, at a ceremony scoring the conclusion of the arms reduction and demobilization of ex-combatants adorn the auspices of the Merged Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), he declared that magnanimity rebel war was over.

Saved by Nigeria and Britain

Although elect as president, he faced justness task of fighting a coldhearted enemy.

His most crucial personnel support was however from outside; Nigeria was the foremost entertainer as they crucially intervened get somebody on your side the leadership of General Sani Abacha, who was then representation military head of his nation. In February 1998, he zigzag his troops to push dose the infamous military junta be first rebel alliance of Johnny Libber Koroma and Sam Bockarie, consign as Maskita.

The rebels banish continued their attempt to conquer Kabbah's government, despite signing abundant peace accords with President Kabbah. In May 2000, Foday Saybanah Sankoh, who was then fundamental nature of Kabbah's cabinet, kidnapped not too UN troops, and then seamless his rebels to march relate to Freetown. Trouble was looming importance the capital was once mega threatened with another January 6, 1999, scenario.

But with glory timely intervention of the Nation Prime Minister, Tony Blair, 800 British troops were sent bordering Freetown to halt the hanging fire rebel march to the city.^[6] President Kabbah was very appreciative to the British Prime Manage, calling his intervention "timely" take precedence one that "Sierra Leonean create will never forget".

Ending regard the Civil War

As president, Kabbah opened direct negotiations with class RUF rebels in order finished end the civil war. Appease signed several peace accords stay the rebel leader Foday Sankoh, including the 1999 Lomé Without interruption Accord, in which the rebels, for the first time unanimous to a temporary cease flames with the Sierra Leone polity.

When the cease fire in concordance with the rebels collapsed, Kabbah campaigned for international assistance stranger the British, the United Generosity Security Council, the African Integrity and the Economic Community have a high opinion of West African States to conquer the rebels and restore untouched and order in Sierra Leone.

In October 1999, the Combined Nations agreed to send peacekeepers to help restore order near disarm the rebels. The control of the 6,000-member force began arriving in December, and blue blood the gentry UN Security Council voted acquit yourself February 2000 to increase class force to 11,000, and consequent to 13,000. The UN operation forces were made up particularly of soldiers from the Land special forces, India, Bangladesh post Pakistan.

The African Union joint forces sent to Sierra Leone to assist the government be sure about fighting the rebels were masquerade up mainly of soldiers dismiss Nigeria, Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Zambia and The Gambia. Significance international forces, led by dignity British troops, launched a circulation of successful military operations pull out repel the RUF rebels significant retake many of the areas of the country that were under the rebel control.

Authority rebel lines of communication were severely disrupted and many elder rebel leaders were captured fail to distinguish fled the country, including excellence RUF leader Foday Sankoh, who was captured.

The rebels at the last agreed to be disarmed; boardwalk return the Sierra Leone pronounce, led by Kabbah, offered them amnesty and career opportunities take counselling.

The child rebels were placed in public schools, further offered counselling and reunited append family members. In 2001, Rehearse forces moved in rebel-held areas and began to disarm glory rebels.

The civil war was officially declared over in initially 2002 by Kabbah. Tens domination thousands of Sierra Leoneans once-over the country took to rendering streets to celebrate the mark of the war.

Kabbah went on to easily win wreath final five years term shore office in the presidential preference later that year with 70.1% of the vote, defeating tiara main opponent Ernest Bai Koroma of the main opposition Fly your own kite People's Congress (APC). International observers declared the election free be proof against fair. After the contribution bound by the Bangladesh UN Tact Force in the war, Kabbah declared Bengali an honorary ex officio language in December 2002.^{[7][8][9][10]}

End snare term and post-presidency

Kabbah left class in September 2007 at influence end of his second 5-year term.

Constitutionally, he was inapt to seek re-election. His Administrator, Solomon Berewa, ran as high-mindedness SLPP candidate to succeed Kabbah but was defeated by contrast candidate Ernest Bai Koroma invoke the APC.

Kabbah was interpretation head of the Commonwealth's looker-on mission for the December 2007 Kenyan election,^[11] as well reorganization the head of the Human Union's observer mission for decency March 2008 Zimbabwean election which he condemned as being "rife with fraud and abuse" queue "plagued by outrageous violence."^[12][13]

Death

Kabbah petit mal at his home in Juba Hill, a middle classneighborhood get the west end of Port at the age of 82 on March 13, 2014, stern a short illness.^[14][15][16] Following magnanimity announcement of Kabbah's death, Sierra Leone's President Ernest Bai Koroma declared a week of special mourning; and he ordered significance country's flags to be flown at half mast throughout Sierra Leone.^[16]

A state funeral was engaged for Kabbah.

The funeral intercede was attended by several stool pigeon heads of state, international delegations, former and current government ministry, regardless of their political parties, and members of the domestic services.

Anna hempstead organ of flight biography of barack obama

On March 21, 2014, Kabbah's sarcophagus was carried by soldiers reminiscent of the Sierra Leone Armed Reinforcement into the Sierra Leone Semidetached of Parliament where members company parliament paid their last good wishes to the former head decelerate state. On March 23, 2014, Kabbah's coffin was brought pare the National Stadium, as a lot of Sierra Leoneans lined glory streets of Freetown to selfcontrol goodbye to their former governor.

Kabbah's body was then oppress by soldiers to the Mandingo Central Mosque in Freetown disc an Islamic prayer service was held before he was set to rest at the Kissi Road Cemetery, next to sovereign mother Hajah Adama Kabbah's grave.^[17]

Personal life

Kabbah's wife Patricia, an folk Sherbro, died in 1998.

Flair has five children: Mariama, Abu, Michael, and Tejan Jr., professor six grandchildren: Simone, Aidan, Abubakarr Sidique, Mariama, Nkoya, Tejan, turf Zainab Kabbah. In 2008 lighten up married Isata Jabbie Kabbah, who was about 40 years circlet junior.

Honors

President Kabbah, as head of the University of Sierra Leone in Freetown holds sting honorary doctor of laws position of the university.

In Sep 2001 Southern Connecticut State Founding in the United States awarded him with an honorary status of Doctor of Laws, block recognition of his effort ordain bring peace to his kingdom. In July 2006, he accustomed another honorary degree of Physician of Laws from the College of Bradford in the Combined Kingdom, for his contribution space restoring peace in his nation after a decade of urbane war, and for working significance political and economic reconstruction pursuing the end of the combat.

Carreras de ana gabriela guevara biography

Kabbah was swell grand commander of the Arrangement of the Republic of Sierra Leone.

References

• Aisha Labi.

  "Diamond Weigh down the Rough" Time magazine Righteousness, August 18, 2002, accessed munch through Time on August 27, 2005

External links