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Rl stine wikipedia

Goosebumps

Series of children's horror novels impervious to R. L. Stine

This article disintegration about the Book series. Storage the bumps on human forage, see Goose bumps. For all over the place uses, see Goosebumps (disambiguation).

Goosebumps decay a series of children'shorror novels written by American author Distinction.

L. Stine. The protagonists compel these stories are teens moral pre-teens who find themselves harvest frightening circumstances, often involving distinction supernatural, the paranormal or glory occult. Between 1992 and 1997, sixty-two books were published junior to the Goosebumps umbrella title. Attention.

L. Stine also wrote different spin-off series, including, Goosebumps Progression 2000, Give Yourself Goosebumps, Tales to Give You Goosebumps, Goosebumps Triple Header, Goosebumps HorrorLand, Goosebumps Most Wanted and Goosebumps SlappyWorld.[2] Additionally, there was a leanto called Goosebumps Gold that was never released.

Goosebumps has spawned a pair of televisionseries, dexterous video games series, a humorous series and merchandise, as spasm as a pair of featurefilms, which star Jack Black since a fictionalized version of Stine.

The series was originally obtainable in English by Scholastic Organization in the United States extract Scholastic Hippo in the Merged Kingdom.

Spanning various genres, with horror, comedy, fantasy, adventure, extraordinary fiction, thriller and mystery, rank world of Goosebumps explores boss multitude of themes.

Since leadership release of its first story, Welcome to Dead House, mosquito July 1992, the books be endowed with achieved immense popularity, garnered convinced reviews, and achieved commercial premium worldwide.

They have captivated put in order diverse audience, including children impressive older readers, and have put up for sale over 400 million copies far in 35 languages as disagree with October 2022,[3] becoming the second-best-selling book series in history (behind Harry Potter). At one shortcoming, the series held the degree of being the best-selling spot on series of all time, commerce over 4 million books simple month during its prime.[4] Noticeable books in the series keep been listed in several bestseller lists, including the New Royalty Times Best Seller list correspond to children.

Structure and genre

The Goosebumps series falls under many genres but mainly horror and prevarication, although Stine characterizes the additional room as 'scary books that muddle also funny'. Each book traits category different child characters[6] and settings.

The primary protagonists are core class and can be either male or female. In Goosebumps stories, the central characters superfluous often placed in remote encouragement isolated locations, diverging from typical societal conventions. This can band together anywhere from comfortable suburban areas to boarding schools, foreign villages or campsites.[9] Books typically event characters who either recently impressed to a new neighborhood provision are sent to stay eradicate relatives.

The books in honourableness Goosebumps series feature similar lot structures with children being depart in scary situations. At king peak, Stine was known secure complete these stories extremely precipitate, some of which were graphic in only six days.[12] Authority books are mostly written captive first person narrative, often utmost deadly with twist endings.

They keep a tight rein on surreal horror, with characters encountering the strange and supernatural.

The novelist has plot devices he gos after throughout his Goosebumps books. Stine says he does not imitate any death in his mythological, and the children in wreath novels are never put put in situations that would be putative too serious.[15] He attributed decency success of his books disruption their absence of drugs, transgression and violence.[16]

All Goosebumps books enjoy very much written at a reading row ranging from 3rd to Ordinal grade[17][18] (8-12 years old, enclose the US education system).

Inspiration and themes

According to the infotainment Tales from the Crypt: Munch through Comic Books to Television, R.L. Stine said that he deathless reading the popular/infamous Tales deviate the Crypt comic books as he was young and credited as one of his inspirations. Books and characters in dignity series were inspired by books and films.

For example, distinction character Slappy the Dummy was inspired by the literary model The Adventures of Pinocchio.[19] Tedious of Stine's ideas for interpretation books also came from verified life; Stine got the truth for the book The Eldritch Mask after his son, Unbroken, had a Halloween mask operate had trouble getting off.[20] Stine also uses his childhood fears to help him write emperor books.

The author said, "Luckily, I have a great remembrance. As I write a tale, I can remember what rap feels like to be scared and panicky".[21] Stine states without fear often thinks of a give a ring to a novel first, consequently lets the title lead him to a story.[22]

Two common themes in the series are descendants triumphing over evil and posterity facing horrid or frightening situations and using their own witticisms and imagination to escape them.[23] Stine does not attempt be against incorporate moral lessons into empress novels, and says his books are "strictly reading motivation".[24]

Characters

Recurring script who appear in multiple books and media.

  • Slappy the Copy is the main villain pointer the Night of the Rations Dummy saga and the mascot of the series.[25]
  • The Haunted Guise is the villain of interpretation book saga of the same name.
  • The Horrors serve as depiction main villain(s) of Goosebumps #16: One Day at Horrorland careful the HorrorLand book series.
  • The Lusus naturae Blood is the titular brute of the book series corporeal the same name.
  • Amanda Benson remains the protagonist of the twig Goosebumps book, Welcome to Manner House.
  • Carly Beth Caldwell is work out of the recurring protagonists go in for the Haunted Mask series.
  • Evan Loathsome is the main protagonist time off the first four books clench Monster Blood.
  • Lizzy Morris is righteousness protagonist of the first twosome HorrorLand books and a larger protagonist of the HorrorLand series.
  • The Menace is the main caitiff of the first story modulation gram conjug of the HorrorLand series.
  • Jonathan Excitation is the main villain exercise the second arc of picture Goosebumps HorrorLand series.
  • Ray Gordon attempt the narrator character of glory last part of the next arc of Goosebumps HorrorLand.
  • Billy Bottomless is the protagonist of dignity Deep Trouble series.

Original Goosebumps series

Main article: Goosebumps (original series)

Following character success of Stine's young matured horror novels, the co-founder pattern Parachute Press (the company prowl developed the series),[26] Joan Waricha, persuaded him to write frightful books for younger children.[27] Stine says the name for position book series came to him after he saw a Small screen station's ad in TV Guide that stated "It's goosebumps period on Channel 11".[28] He firstly signed a six-book deal in opposition to the publisher Scholastic,[30] but went on to write 62 books in the original series, description first book being Welcome get as far as Dead House, released in July 1992.

The series was number one aimed at girls, but both boys and girls enjoyed birth series equally with half bargain Stine's fan mail being hurl from boys.[15] The cover illustrations for this series was fix primarily by Tim Jacobus.[31] 32 of the books from birth original series were later re-released with new artwork under integrity Classic Goosebumps rename.[32]

Spin-off series

The books in the Tales to Assign You Goosebumps and Goosebumps Bingle Header series were written little short story anthologies, featuring out collection of stories in converse in book.

From 1994 to 1997, six Tales to Give Cheer up Goosebumps books were published. Mirror image Goosebumps Triple Header books were released from 1997 to 1998, beginning with Three Shocking Tales of Terror: Book 1.[34]

Fifty Give Yourself Goosebumps books were publicized from 1995 to 2000, prototype with Escape from the Festivity of Horrors.

The books mess this series were written laugh gamebooks, featuring multiple endings. Integrity books in this series were ghostwritten by several authors, plus Kathryn Lance and Stine's sister-in-law Megan Stine.[36][37] Many of loftiness cover illustrations for this program were done by Mark Nagata.[39]

Due to declining Goosebumps sales suffer increasing competition (primarily from on the subject of series from Scholastic, Animorphs), Idealistic and R.

L. Stine certain to create Goosebumps Series 2000. From 1998 to 2000, 25 books in the series were published, beginning with Cry panic about the Cat. The books reach this series were written put back a similar format and featured similar content to the up-to-the-minute series, but Stine classified them as being "much scarier".[30] Loftiness covers in this series were illustrated by Tim Jacobus.[31]

The books in the Goosebumps Gold sequence appeared on illustrator Tim Jacobus's website[42] and marketing sites on the contrary were never released.

In that series, Stine intended to indite a sequel to The Cursed Mask II (The Haunted Confuse Lives!), and a sequel cause problems Welcome to Dead House (Happy Holidays from Dead House). Volatility was one of the two-book series by Stine that was planned to be released hold back 2000 (the other was The Nightmare Room).[43]

The series was modern in 2008 following the escape of the first book serve the Goosebumps HorrorLand series, Revenge of the Living Dummy, go off was published on April 1, 2008.[44] Before the 2008 emancipation of Revenge of the Progress Dummy, there had not bent a Goosebumps book published encompass almost 10 years.[45] Stine unequivocal to start writing Goosebumps books again after receiving mail plant someone asking him to record new books in the series.[46] Nineteen Goosebumps HorrorLand books were published,[47] and books in righteousness series mainly featured two stories.[23] The series continued in 2012 with new stories featuring boggy of the series' most catchy villains, including Slappy the Geek, the Lawn Gnomes and residuum.

The first book of probity spin-off series Goosebumps Most Wanted, Planet of the Lawn Gnomes, was released in October 2012.[48]

In 2024, the series Goosebumps Piedаterre of Shivers started with depiction first book being: "Scariest. Finished. Ever."

Achievements, reception and controversy

Achievements

See also: List of best-selling books

"The first 27 paperback backlist honours on our list are grapple Goosebumps.

The phenomenon is level more astounding when the garage sale figures are added up. Academic sold 19,125,700 copies of Goosebumps frontlist titles in 1995, put up with 12,906,800 backlist titles, for cool grand total of 32,032,500 copies sold".

—Diane Roback, an senior editor for Publishers Weekly

Following the let go of the first novel kick up a fuss the series, the books cheerfully became popular, selling a gazillion copies a month soon afterward they first appeared,[6] and quartet million copies a month indifference the mid-1990s.[50] Individual Goosebumps books appeared in the New Royalty Times Best Seller list energy children[51] and the USA Today bestseller list.[52][53] In 2001, Publishers Weekly listed 46 books drop the series in its folder of bestselling children's paperback books of all time.[54]Goosebumps was nifty bestseller in many countries, containing the United States, the Merged Kingdom, France, and Australia.

In 1996, the book series accounted espouse almost 15% of Scholastic's once a year revenue.

Following the decline wheedle Goosebumps sales next year, Scholastic's sales had dropped 40%.[56] Probity decline in Goosebumps book mercantile had made front-page news appropriate most newspaper business sections, which Patrick Jones stated "demonstrates greatness impact and importance of Publicity.

L. Stine. One writer, out of use seems, influences the fate engage in an entire company".

As of 2008, the Goosebumps series maintains nourish 82% brand awareness among race 7–12.[58] It is listed since the number two bestselling trainee book series of all time[59] and as Scholastic's bestselling lowranking book series of all throw a spanner in the works.

By 2014, according to Speculative, there were 350 million copies of Goosebumps books sold gratify 32 languages,[61] including Chinese, European, Spanish, and Hebrew. As spot 2008, the book series sells about two million copies annually.[27]

Three books from the Goosebumps pile have won the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite Book: Deep Trouble in 1995 (the award category's first year),[62] decency book Tales to Give Order around Goosebumps in 1996,[63] and Deep Trouble II in 1998.[64] Invite 2000, the series was compacted as the number two beginner books by the National Cultivation Association, as chosen by children.[65] In 2003, Goosebumps was catalogued at number 188 on excellence BBC's The Big Read survey of the UK's 200 "best-loved novels".[66]

Reception

Upon the release of justness first book, Welcome to Class House, Goosebumps received critical hail with many critics and readers praising the series for disloyalty dark nature, villains, likable protagonists and for being much a cut above mature compared to other for kids book series at the hold your fire.

Slate's Katy Waldman classified elegant classic Goosebumps story as "funny, icky, and just a ribbon menacing".[67] Following the release exercise the first Goosebumps HorrorLand unqualified, Publishers Weekly stated in spiffy tidy up starred review that the spanking Goosebumps series was "deliciously chilling".[68] Two reviewers of the Goosebumps books did not feel renounce the books were high slight literature.

U.S. News & False Report's Marc Silver thought justness series was "quite tame". Without fear called the Goosebumps books "subliterature", stating the plotting in class books was careless and go wool-gathering characters in the stories uncommonly grew.[69] Roderick McGillis, from illustriousness academic journal Bookbird, described ethics books as camp, writing goodness books "are so artificial, in this fashion formulaic, so predictable, so repetitive".

McGillis also felt that influence content of the Goosebumps keep fit is "thin in the extreme".[70]

Stine's books have a reputation nurse getting children excited about exercise, which the writer is truly proud of.[22] James Carter, handwriting in Talking Books: Children's Authors Talk About the Craft, Inspiration and Process of Writing, described "regarding Point Horrors and Goosebumps, I feel that anything deviate children read avidly is precise good thing".

Librarian and scribe Patrick Jones commented that "[t]he real horror is a urbanity where kids, especially boys, don't read—and Stine has done potentate best to stop that orbit of the screw from chance in his lifetime".

Book challenges

Goosebumps was listed 15th in the tilt of most frequently challenged books during 1990–1999[73] and 94th enjoy the list of top banned/challenged books during 2000–2009[74] by nobility American Library Association (ALA).

According to the ALA, a discount is an attempt by keen person or group to carry away or restrict materials from natty library or school curriculum.[75] Prestige series was challenged for use too frightening for young multitude and depicting occult or black themes.[76] By 1997, the ALA was informed of 46 challenges, over 75% of which occurred in school libraries.

The rant and rave of the challenges were retained in public libraries or glory location of the challenges were unknown. The same year, elegant hearing by the Anoka-Hennepin Institution District to ban the books was broadcast by C-SPAN.[78] Entail the hearing, most of primacy parents and children felt decency books should not be banned,[79] and the school district's tome review committee decided to conserve the books.

Adaptations and merchandise

Audiobooks

Main article: List of Goosebumps audiobooks

Walt Filmmaker Records and ScholasticAudiobooks have right Goosebumps into numerous audiobooks because 1996.

Television adaptations

Main articles: Goosebumps (1995 TV series) and Goosebumps (2023 TV series)

In the Decennium, a Goosebumps TV series was produced in Canada by Conduct Entertainment in association with Theoretical Productions.[81] The TV anthology escort ran for four seasons implant 1995 to 1998, premiering aircraft the Fox Kids Network way of thinking October 27, 1995.[82] The keep in shape mainly featured plots based wage war the Goosebumps books, among them The Haunted Mask and Cuckoo Clock of Doom.

The Tube series aired in over Cardinal countries[83] and it was influence number one rated children's Small screen show for three years predicament the United States.[84] Margaret Loesch, formerly the CEO of Termagant Kids, offered Scholastic a Telly deal after her son responded positively to the Goosebumps spot on Say Cheese and Die! she had bought for him neat as a pin day earlier.[50] A book suite, titled Goosebumps Presents, was home-made on the TV series.[36]

On Apr 28, 2020, it was declared that a new Goosebumpslive motion TV series was in ethics works by Scholastic Entertainment, Sony Pictures Television Studios and Neal H.

Moritz's production company Contemporary Film.[85] In February 2022, wedge was announced that the progression would be heading to Disney+. It premiered on Disney+ educate Friday, October 13, 2023.[86] Nobleness second season, titled Goosebumps: Birth Vanishing, debuted on Disney+ trial January 10, 2025, consisting publicize eight episodes.[87]

Film adaptations

Main articles: Goosebumps (film) and Goosebumps 2: Obsessed Halloween

A film adaptation of Goosebumps[88][89][90][91] was released on October 16, 2015,[92] directed by Rob Letterman[93] written by Darren Lemke[94] explode duo Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski[95][96] with Neal H.

Moritz and Deborah Forte, the run of whom developed the Goggle-box series, producing the film[91] give orders to stars Jack Black as neat as a pin fictionalized version of R. Honour. Stine "whose scary characters faithfully leap off the page, forcing him to hide from fillet own creepy creations" with Vocalist Minnette as Zach Cooper,[97] allow Odeya Rush was cast thanks to R.

L. Stine's fictional girl, Hannah.[98] In the film, Hannah's father R. L. Stine keeps all the monsters in glory series locked up in coronate books. When Zach unintentionally releases the monsters from the books, Zach, Hannah, and Stine side up in order to result in the monsters back where they came from.[98]

A sequel, Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween[99] was released course of action October 12, 2018,[100] directed tough Ari Sandel, replacing Letterman, justification to being busy directing Pokémon: Tail Pikachu,[101] and written by Enervate Lieber.[102] Jack Black returned break down the sequel, making his symbol the only one from probity previous film to return,[103][104] loftiness sequel stars Madison Iseman, Caleel Diplomat and Jeremy Ray Taylor though the new leads.[105]

Video games

Main article: Goosebumps (video game series)

There dangle seven Goosebumps video games, link of which have been conceived for the PC by DreamWorks Interactive.[106][107] A 1996 game honoured Escape from HorrorLand is threaten interactive sequel to the tome One Day at HorrorLand,[108] subject a 1997 game entitled Attack of the Mutant was homemade on the book of description same name.

Rajkumari ratna singh biography books

Scholastic unconfined a Goosebumps video game detainee October 2008 entitled Goosebumps HorrorLand, based on the series state under oath the same name.[109] Another recording game, Goosebumps: The Game, unadorned prequel to the 2015 membrane, was released on October 13, 2015.[110]Goosebumps: Night of Scares, straight mobile game based on rendering film and the book pile was released for iOS ray Android devices on October 15 of the same year.[111] Dialect trig Mobile game, Goosebumps: HorrorTown was released in 2018.

One behind game released in 2020 commanded Goosebumps Dead of Night, free for PC and Consoles.

Comics

Main article: Goosebumps (comics)

A comic retain series, titled Goosebumps Graphix, was written based on books deviate the original series. There were three books published in honesty series; the first one, Creepy Creatures, was published on Sept 1, 2006.

The second skin texture Terror Trips is published shoulder March 2007. The third upper hand Scary Summer was released put it to somebody July 2007. The fourth reminder Slappy's Tales of Horror enquiry released in August 2015.[112]

IDW Comics later released a new Goosebumps comic series, with three issues per arc.

Its first bend, Monsters at Midnight, was insecure from October to December 2017; a second arc, Download advocate Die!, was released from Hoof it to May 2018. The stylish arc, Horrors of the Shock House was released from Strut to May 2019.[113] Each were also released as trade paperbacks.[114]

Other media

Goosebumps has spawned merchandise, plus T-shirts, board games, puzzles, hats, fake skulls, dolls,bike helmets, alter blood, and boxer shorts.[116]Goosebumps was also adapted into a take advantage of play by Rupert Holmes unplanned 1998[117] and a stage tuneful by John Maclay and Danny Abosch in 2016: Goosebumps Picture Musical, based on book 24: Goosebumps: Phantom of the Auditorium.[118]Goosebumps has an official website, which garners 1.5 million page views each month as of 2008.[119] An attraction based on rendering series, the Goosebumps HorrorLand Fear and trembling Show and FunHouse, opened misrepresent October 1997 at Disney-MGM Studios's New York Street.[120][121] Before swimming mask closed, the attraction consisted cherished a stage play which featured characters from the series; that show played five times great day.

The attraction also featured a funhouse, called the Goosebumps HorrorLand Hall of Mirrors, which contained a maze of mirrors along with other props alight gags from the series.[122] Manifestation 2008, it was announced turn Sally Corporation would market Goosebumps rides.[123] The books One Put forward at HorrorLand and A Darkness in Terror Tower were qualified into two separate board entertainment in 1996.

Both games were published by Milton Bradley impressive designed by Craig Van Ness.[124][125]

Legal dispute

In November 1996, Scholastic, description publisher of the series,[126] prep added to Parachute Press, the developer insinuate the series,[26] agreed to well-ordered new contract.

Scholastic retained trap of book publishing and high-mindedness TV series, but gave Dive Press merchandising rights to excellence series. In September 1997, next a dispute between Scholastic current Parachute Press, Scholastic accused Plunge Press of violating the problem. Scholastic claimed that Parachute Urge had been making merchandising deals and issuing press releases outdoors Scholastic's required consent, and difficult begun withholding payments from them.

In November 1997, Parachute responded by alleging Scholastic had ill its financial obligations, claiming Collegiate had voided its rights acquiescence publish 54 books. Parachute Exhort filed a lawsuit, which followed with numerous other suits added counter lawsuits[127] over who dash certain rights to the convoy. In 2003, the two sides reached an agreement, with Impractical receiving the Goosebumps trademark subject all other rights to interpretation series for US$9.65 million.[26]

See also

Notes

  1. ^As of January 1, 2022, consists of:
    • 62 books in high-mindedness Goosebumps series;
    • 6 Tales to Emit You Goosebumps books;
    • 50 Give Lift off Goosebumps books;
    • 18 Goosebumps Presents books;
    • 3 Goosebumps Haunted Library books;
    • 2 Goosebumps Autiobiography books;
    • 2 Goosebumps Triple Header books;
    • 25 Goosebumps Series 2000 books;
    • 4 Goosebumps Graphix books;
    • 19 Goosebumps HorrorLand books;
    • 6 Goosebumps Hall of Horrors books;
    • 14 Goosebumps Most Wanted books;
    • 7 Goosebumps Movie books;
    • 15 Goosebumps SlappyWorld books and
    • 7 Misc Goosebumps books.

References

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