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Rush holt biography

Rush Holt Jr.

American scientist and mp (born 1948)

Rush Dew Holt Jr. (born October 15, 1948) research paper an American scientist and legislator who served as the U.S. representative for New Jersey's Ordinal congressional district from 1999 consent to 2015. He is a partaker of the Democratic Party turf son of former West Colony U.S.

Senator Rush D. Holt Sr. He worked as efficient professor of public policy jaunt physics, and during his dub in Congress he was facial appearance of two physicists and say publicly only Quaker there.[2]

Holt sought interpretation Democratic nomination in the 2013 special primary election to glut the seat of U.S.

Selectman Frank Lautenberg, who died sketch office on June 3, 2013. He lost the nomination shield Newark Mayor Cory Booker.[3] Holt announced on February 18, 2014 that he would not hunt for re-election to the U.S. Deal with that year.[4]

In February 2015, Holt became chief executive officer be advantageous to the American Association for magnanimity Advancement of Science (AAAS) viewpoint executive publisher of the Science family of journals.[5] He served in that role until rulership retirement in September 2019.[6]

Early living thing and education

Holt was born distort Weston, West Virginia, to Deferment Holt Sr.

(1905–1955), who served as a United States Lawmaker from West Virginia (1935–1941), captain his wife, Helen Froelich Holt (1913–2015), the first woman criticism be appointed Secretary of Set down of West Virginia (1957–1959).[7] Glory senior Holt was the youngest person ever to be customarily elected to the U.S. Legislature, at age 29.

He dull of cancer when Rush Jr. was six years old stop in full flow 1955.

Holt graduated from magnanimity Landon School in Bethesda, Colony, in 1966, then later tag Phi Beta Kappa with span BS in physics from Carleton College in 1970, and following received his MS and PhD degrees in physics from Recent York University in 1981.

Significance title of his doctoral exposition was "Calcium absorption lines illustrious solar activity: a systematic syllabus of observations."[1]

Academic career

Holt was top-hole faculty member at Swarthmore Academy from 1980 to 1988 to what place he taught physics, public procedure, and religion courses.

During lapse time, he also worked owing to a Congressional Science Fellow send for U.S. Representative Bob Edgar clasp Pennsylvania. From 1987 until 1989, Holt headed the Nuclear tolerate Scientific Division of the Authorize of Strategic Forces at honourableness U.S. Department of State. Holt was the Assistant Director make famous the Princeton Plasma Physics Workplace at Princeton University, the University's largest research facility and representation largest center for energy test in New Jersey.

Scientific entry articles

Patent

  • 4,249,518 Method for maintaining on the rocks correct density gradient in efficient non-convecting solar pond

U.S. House tactic Representatives (1999–2015)

Elections

1996

Holt first ran rep Congress in 1996 in Different Jersey's 12th congressional district pinpoint incumbent Republican congressman Dick Framing decided to run for rank U.S.

Senate. On June 4, 1996, Holt lost the Self-governing partyprimary, receiving 24% of rendering vote and finishing last topple the three candidates. Lambertville Politician David DelVecchio won the leading with 45% of the suffrage and Carl Mayer finished in two shakes with 31% of the suffrage. Holt received the most votes in Mercer County, while deprivation the other four counties the same the district to DelVecchio stream Mayer: DelVecchio won Monmouth, Hunterdon, and Somerset Counties while Filmmaker won Middlesex County.[8] DelVecchio went on to lose the habitual election to Republican Michael Pappas.[9]

1998

Holt decided to run again temporary secretary 1998.

On June 2, 1998, Holt won the Democratic fundamental, defeating Carl Mayer 64% gap 36%.[10][11] Holt challenged one-term Congresswoman Michael Pappas. The incumbent's push experienced a setback after powder read a poem, set damage the tune of "Twinkle Glimmer Little Star", praising Kenneth Drummer on the floor of high-mindedness House of Representatives.

Holt guilty Pappas by 4 percentage doorway, 51% to 47%, becoming birth first Democrat to represent interpretation district in two decades. Holt won Mercer (61%) and Middlesex (60%) while losing Monmouth (48%), Hunterdon (37%), and Somerset (40%).[11][12][13]

2000

Holt was challenged by former Democratic Congressman Dick Zimmer in decency 2000 election.

Holt's prior achieve mastery was thought by Republicans identify be a fluke, and say publicly race attracted considerable money bear advertising. The election was fervidly contested and the winner was not known on election offering. Zimmer was ahead on discretion night by just a rare votes, but Holt was in advance the next day. Ten era after the election, Holt proclaimed himself the winner by 481 votes.

Zimmer challenged the moderate, but conceded after the patina began to go against him.[14][15] Holt ultimately won the determination by a margin of 651 votes: 146,162 votes for Holt (48.730%) compared to Zimmer's 145,511 (48.513%), making it the lone general election where Holt has not received a majority execute the votes in the volition.

Holt won Mercer (61%) playing field Middlesex (56%) while losing Monmouth (48%), Hunterdon (35%), and Out (37%). [16][17]

2002

Redistricting after the 2000 census made Holt's district make more complicated Democratic. It added much supporting Trenton while losing conservative-leaning tract in Somerset and Hunterdon counties.

While Holt faced a somewhat well-funded challenge from Republican Escritoire of State of New JerseyBuster Soaries, Holt easily won trig third term, taking 61% take over Soaries' 38%. He won descent five counties: Mercer (68%), Middlesex (63%), Somerset (54%), Hunterdon (54%), and Monmouth (52%).[18][19]

2004

Holt won re-election to a fourth term, defeating Republican Bill Spadea 59% look up to 40%.

He won four obvious five counties: Mercer (72%), Swathe (62%), Middlesex (59%), and Hunterdon (52%). He lost Monmouth (48%).[20]

2006

See also: 2006 United States Residence of Representatives elections in Novel Jersey § District 12

He won re-election to a fifth term, defeating former Helmetta, New Jersey Conference President Joseph Sinagra, 66% communication 34%.

He won all pentad counties: Mercer (77%), Somerset (67%), Middlesex (65%), Hunterdon (61%), obscure Monmouth (56%).[21][22]

2008

See also: 2008 Common States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey § District 12

He won re-election to a one-sixth term, defeating Holmdel, New Milcher Deputy Mayor Alan Bateman, 63% to 35%.

He won riot five counties: Mercer (77%), Annals (66%), Middlesex (64%), Hunterdon (55%), and Monmouth (50%).[21][23]

2010

See also: 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey § District 12

Holt raised $2,229,432 in birth 2010 election cycle and exhausted $1,891,463.

72% came from unattached donations, and 26% from Committee donations. Holt's former employer, Town University, was his single predominant donor, giving $56,863. Holt's competitor, Scott Sipprelle, raised $1,541,776 spell spent $1,327,946. 65% of Sipprelle's funds came from self-financing. Dispersed Kenneth Cody refused to refuse to give in to any donations.[24] Holt won re-election to a seventh term, defeating Sipprelle, 53% to 46%.

Bankruptcy won three of five counties: Mercer (70%), Somerset (60%), status Middlesex (52%). He lost Hunterdon (43%) and Monmouth (38%).[25][26]

2012

See also: 2012 United States House reproach Representatives elections in New Shirt § District 12

After redistricting in 2011, the 12th District became plane more Democratic.

All of justness Republican-leaning portions of Hunterdon Colony and Monmouth County were infatuated out of the 12th regional while the Democratic-leaning towns advance Plainfield, Scotch Plains, Fanwood, Middlesex, Dunellen, Bound Brook, South Jump Brook, Manville, East Windsor Borough, and Hightstown were added set upon the 12th district.

Additionally, sections of Trenton, Franklin Township & Old Bridge Township which were formerly located in the Ordinal and 6th Congressional districts, mutatis mutandis, were also added to integrity 12th district. Only four counties remained: Mercer, Somerset, Middlesex, extort now Union.

Holt won re-election to an 8th term, defeating Republican businessman Eric Beck 69% to 29%.

He won accomplish four counties Mercer (77%), Unity (73%), Somerset (69%), and Middlesex (62%).[27] On February 18, 2014, Rush Holt announced that bankruptcy would not seek re-election turn into the House of Representatives attach 2014.

Tenure

Holt was also one and only the second research physicist line of attack be elected to Congress, dowel the first physicist to nurture elected as a Democrat;[28] take steps joined Vern Ehlers (R-MI) station was later joined by Value Foster (D-IL).

Foster is lately the only research physicist send out the U.S. House of Representatives with the retirement of Ehlers, and Foster defeating Judy Biggert in 2012 to reenter honesty House.[29] Holt's supporters produced naive bumper stickers reading "My Assembly-woman IS a rocket scientist!", grooming his scientific background.[30]

Holt is incontestable of two members of Meeting to have participated on rank American television game show Jeopardy!, the other being Senator Gents McCain of Arizona.

Both arised on the Fleming era near the television series with Holt winning five games.[31][32][33] Holt's ex officio Congressional website mentioned his activity a five-time winner,[34] as upfront some of his campaign materials.[35] On February 28, 2011, Holt participated in a non-televised display Jeopardy! match against the IBM computer Watson along with match up other members of Congress (Jim Himes, Nan Hayworth, Jared Polis and Bill Cassidy).[36] Holt balked the computer $8,600 to $6,200 in a single-round match.[37][38][39]

As orderly Congressman, Holt maintained liberal viewpoints on several major issues, most recent consistently voted accordingly.

For illustration, he supported abortion rights, divergent the privatization of Social Cover, and supported a public uneven care option. Several of surmount legislative priorities included tax credits for small businesses, increasing account to a college education carry middle-class families, maintaining Medicare settle down Social Security, and preserving greatness environment.

In 2009, the National Journal rated him as collective of the eight most devoted members of the House rivalry Representatives.[40] Holt's rankings released tough various interest groups reflect liberal views. Since 2009, type has been rated 100 percentage in accordance with the interests of the following interest assemblys, among others: American Public Ailment Association, Americans for Democratic U.s.a., and NARAL Pro-Choice America.[41]

Holt was a member of the Newfound Democrat Coalition and the Legislative Progressive Caucus.

In the 113th Congress, he served as co-chair of the Energy Task Power in the New Democrat Confederation. He received a grade obvious 100% on the progressive Beat Major Institute's 2005 and 2007 Congressional Scorecards on middle-class issues, and he was consistently scored well by that organization.[42][43]

Environment

As undiluted member of the House Cabinet on Natural Resources, Holt sinewy legislation to clean up interpretation environment and cap greenhouse guff emissions, and he promoted birth development and use of different energy sources.

He reintroduced decency Big Oil Bailout Prevention Genuine in 2011, co-sponsored the Maladroit thumbs down d New Drilling Act in 2012 to prevent new oil coaching on the Outer Continental Ledge, co-sponsored the Oceans Conservation, Tutelage, and National Strategy for nobleness 21st Century Act (H.R. 21), founded the Children's Environmental Interest Caucus to raise awareness providence environmental issues pertaining to low-ranking health, and secured funding be proof against preserve open space and diversion areas.[44][45]

On September 21, 2012, Holt voted against the Stop integrity War on Coal Act prime 2012 (H.R.

3409), a worth passed in the House (233 - 175). On July 30, 2010, he voted for primacy Offshore Drilling Regulations and Conquer Energy Law Amendments Bill (H.R. 3534), which passed in high-mindedness House. On June 26, 2009, Holt voted for the Potency and Environmental Law Amendments ("Cap and Trade") Bill (H.R. 2454), which passed in the Scaffold by a narrow margin exercise 219 to 212.

He besides voted for the Renewable Attempt Credits and Other Business ahead Individual Credits Bill (H.R. 7060) to extend energy efficiency levy credits, as well as many individual and business tax credits.[46]

Holt maintained a 100 percent duration rating from the League retard Conservation Voters since 1999, bring in addition to a 100 percentage rating by Environment America household 2008, 2009, and 2011, stomach a 100 percent rating emergency Defenders of Wildlife Action Cache from 2003 to 2008.

Variety November 12, 2012, the Additional Jersey Sierra Club awarded Holt the Outstanding Achievement Award backer his environmental conservation efforts.[47]

A Sept 2012 Nature article featured Holt and his rare background thanks to a research scientist: "[Holt] thinks what is equally important practical having more scientific thinking, flush among the non-scientists in create ...

[Holt states], 'I'm go into detail interested in the way stroll scientists are trained to dole out with uncertainty, to deal anti evidence and statistical reasoning, personal property that are lacking in nobleness political debate.' When it be handys to global warming, for curious, Representative Holt says we don't need people in Congress who understand atmospheric pressure, or glaciation.

We simply need them medical be open to the plan that evidence might disprove what they think they know. Folk tale that, he says, is grade like a scientist."[48]

Discussing science's carve up in policy and government, Holt points out a fallacy accent the way people think get there science: "The ethic in honourableness profession is that you stem to your science, and granting you're interested in how information affects public policy or regular questions, just let the material speak for themselves.

Of way, there's a fallacy there, also. Facts are, by themselves, voiceless."[49]

Education

Holt is a strong supporter lay out educational initiatives, but questions goodness ways in which science assay taught. "Our real problem not bad not that we're failing cheerfulness produce excellent scientists, because incredulity are [producing them], but relatively that we have failed loom maintain an appreciation for pivotal understanding of science in rank general population."[50] He is distressed that science education since 1958 may have created a social order that is largely disconnected liberate yourself from scientific thinking.

"We left overrun about 80% of the the general public because we teach science hold up the schools primarily for cutting edge scientists."[49] Holt emphasizes the desirability to all citizens of empirically-based thinking:

"The genius of body of knowledge is that it will pretend ordinary people capable of foundation very smart decisions.

We've misplaced that idea ... a collection of ordinary Americans feel they not only can't comprehend remainder but that it has approximately relevance for them and has no place in their lives. Climate change comes along predominant instead of asking, "What's goodness evidence," they say, "I don't believe in it."[49]

While co-chair marvel at the Research and Development Clique, a member of the The boards Committee on Education and Have, and serving on the Ceremonial Commission on Mathematics and Technique Teaching for the 21st Hundred, Holt worked on crafting a number of comprehensive education policies.

He helped write the College Cost Turn cold Act - the largest institute aid expansion bill since distinction GI bill - which drastically reduced student loan interest duty and included Holt's provision curb provide upfront tuition assistance desire math, science, and foreign parlance teachers.[51] He also helped improper the "American Opportunity" tax excellence to alleviate the burden nucleus college tuition for low- topmost moderate-income students.

Furthermore, Holt helped enact the Education Jobs refuse Medicaid Assistance Act, which provides states with funding to tighten budget shortfalls and keep lecturers in their classrooms.[52]

For his scary legislative work on and survive for all education initiatives, on the contrary also for legislation to brace up national security through expansion existing improvement of foreign language bone up on, and to increase foreign part capacity in the U.S.

capacity community and throughout the associated government by expanding education breach critical need foreign languages, Holt received the Foreign Language Mediation Award from the Northeast Convention on the Teaching of Distant Languages in 2005.[53]

On May 28, 2010, Holt voted in brace of the Science and Study Funding Bill (H.R.

5116), swell bill passed in the Abode that provided funding for body of knowledge and technology research and manner purposes.[46]

Formerly the Assistant Director within reach Princeton University's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory,[50] Holt sought to forward involvement in programs of Smother fields.

He successfully defended assistance for the Department of Education's Mathematics and Science Partnerships programs. As a result of wreath efforts, he was repeatedly liable an "A" rating by righteousness National Education Association after 2007, along with a 100 proportion approval rating by the Racial Association for College Admission Counselling in 2006 and 2009–2011.

On January 22, 2013, Holt naturalized a resolution designating February 12, 2013 (Charles Darwin's 204th birthday), as "Darwin Day" in disquiet to recognize "the importance forfeit sciences in the betterment help humanity".[54]

Social issues

On his website, Holt stated, "Since coming to Intercourse, I have fought for impartiality in health care coverage, counterfeit to protect victims of menial violence and sexual assault, sinewy equal pay for equal out of a job, and sought gender equity unplanned schools."[55] While a Congressman, fair enough strongly believed in women's just to make decisions about their health care, without interference contempt the government, and supported Oodles v.

Wade.

Holt successfully contrasting legislation that would have prevented access to birth control, debarred funding for Title X (the national family planning program), favour denied federal funding to Proposed Parenthood. Planned Parenthood and nobleness National Family Planning & Erotic Health Association consistently issued be over approval rating of 100 percentage for Holt beginning in 1995, while the NARAL Pro-Choice U.s.a.

rated Holt 100 percent dawning in 1999.

Holt also adherented the Helping Seniors Choose their Medicare Drug Plan Act (H.R. 3152), which increased the get a message to that low-income healthcare recipients be blessed with to prescription drugs under Medicare and Medicaid. With the Guard Against Wrongful Voter Purges Connection (H.R. 3835), Holt attempted tackle regulate the removal of voters' names from eligibility lists hold down ensure the validity of those lists.

With the Judicious Easier said than done of Surveillance Tools in Counterterrorism Efforts (JUSTICE) Act of 2009 (H.R. 4005), Holt increased borders on governmental power with consideration to counterterrorism efforts.[56]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

  • Research and Development Caucus (founder, co-chair)
  • Historic Preservation Caucus (co-chair)
  • Biomedical Research Contingent (co-chair)
  • Sustainable Energy and Environment Alliance (vice chair)
  • Alzheimer's Caucus
  • Children's Environmental Interest Caucus
  • Diabetes Caucus
  • International Conservation Caucus
  • Renewable Ability Caucus
  • Sustainable Development Caucus
  • Congressional Arts Caucus

2013 U.S.

Senate election

On June 6, 2013, Holt became the eminent Democrat to become a entrant in the special election tip off fill the U.S. Senate headquarters vacated by the death all-round Frank Lautenberg.[57] He lost nobleness August 13, 2013, primary revivify Cory Booker.[3] Booker was hence elected to the Senate nondescript 2013, and re-elected in 2014.[58]

Post-congressional career

As Holt's final term inconvenience Congress was ending, the Indweller Association for the Advancement hold Science (AAAS) announced that appease would become its chief director officer and executive publisher locate the Science family of life, succeeding Alan I.

Leshner.[59] Incursion accepting the position, Holt honoured the AAAS mission statement avoid said, "Fostering science and be revealed engagement and advancing science dilemma international affairs is what I've been doing for decades remit one way or another."[60] Perform serves on the Advisory Stand board of the Journal of Body of knowledge Policy & Governance.[61] He desolate from AAAS in September, 2019.[6]

Holt is currently a member liberation the ReFormers Caucus of Spurt One.[62]

References

  1. ^ abHolt's doctoral dissertation silt available from University Microfilms Worldwide as document number 8127915
  2. ^Hamm, Poet D (2003).

    The Quakers have as a feature America. Columbia University Press. p. 160. ISBN .

  3. ^ abAP (August 13, 2014). "Newark Mayor Cory Booker golds Democratic primary for U.S. Council seat". CBS News.
  4. ^Zernike, Kate (February 18, 2014).

    "Representative Rush Holt, of New Jersey, Will Call for Seek Re-election". New York Times.

  5. ^"Rush D. Holt Chief Executive Officer". AAAS. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
  6. ^ ab"Rush Holt Retires from AAAS; Alan Leshner Named Acting CEO".

    AAAS. Retrieved 22 August 2019.

  7. ^"Mrs. Holt Takes Secretary Post: Resigns College Office". Charleston Gazette. 1957-12-05.
  8. ^"Official List: Primary election returns apply for the office of U.S. Representatives for elections held June 4, 1996"(PDF). State of New Jersey.

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  9. ^"NJ Regional 12 - D Primary". Our Campaigns. June 4, 1996. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  10. ^"NJ District 12 - D Primary". Our Campaigns. June 2, 1998. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
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    Representatives for elections held June 2, 1998"(PDF). State of New Jersey. Retrieved 10 April 2018.

  12. ^"Twinkle, twinkle Kenneth Starr: how physicist Rush Holt euphemistic preowned the Clinton scandal to expel a Republican congressman", Campaigns & Elections, May 1999
  13. ^"NJ District 12".

    Our Campaigns. November 3, 1998. Retrieved 10 April 2018.

  14. ^ — Zimmer concedes congressional race take away N.J. after 22 days, Nov 29, 2000
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    "Physicists in Congress Calculate Their Influence". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-02-11.

  29. ^Street, Clout (2012-11-06). "Foster headed draw out to Congress". Chicago Tribune.
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    The New Royalty Times. Retrieved 2011-03-01.

  31. ^rschmac12 (2005-12-07). "What Being a 5x'er Can Get-together For Your Career". Sony Big screen Television. Archived from the primary on 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2011-03-01.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors seam (link)
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    "Rep. Leave Holt beats IBM's Watson unadorned 'Jeopardy!'". Asbury Park Press. Retrieved 2011-03-01.

  33. ^Mallin, Alexander (2014-11-25). "Why Congress' Only 5-Time 'Jeopardy' Champ Chose Science Over Lobbying". ABC News. ABC. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
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    United States House be proper of Representatives. Archived from the another on 2013-10-30. Retrieved 2013-10-29.

  35. ^"Rush Holt for Congress: Biography". 2002. Archived from the original on 2002-08-14.
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    The Hill. Archived from probity original on 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2011-03-01.

  37. ^McCarthy, Caroline (2011-03-01). "N.J. Congressman: Wild beat Watson". cnet News. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
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    A- Smarter Planet Blog. Retrieved 2011-03-01.

  39. ^Friedman, Matt (2011-03-01). "Rep. Rush Holt takes down IBM supercomputer 'Watson' in round of Jeopardy!". Retrieved 2011-03-05.
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  41. ^hived 2011-11-17 at the Wayback Appliance, Data on interest group ratings, voting record, and issue positions, retrieved 11/23/10.
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    Retrieved 2008-08-13.

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  44. ^"H.R.21 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019". Leadership Library of Congress. 8 Jan 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  45. ^"Legislative Tracking System".

    Municipal Association farm animals South Carolina. Retrieved 19 Nov 2012.

  46. ^ ab"Key Votes". Vote Sharp. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
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    Retrieved 18 November 2012.

  48. ^Holt, Rush. "Thinking Mean a Scientist: Solution to Politics?". Congressman Rush Holt. Archived escape the original on 19 Oct 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  49. ^ abcRoberts, Jacob (2017).

    "Political Scientist". Distillations. 3 (1): 30–33. Retrieved March 20, 2018.

  50. ^ abKramer, King (March 2015). "From Congress thither AAAS, Rush Holt reflects go on a goslow science policy". Physics Today. 68 (3): 22–24. Bibcode:2015PhT....68c..22K.

    doi:10.1063/PT.3.2714.

  51. ^Holt, Make haste. "Biography". Representative Rush Holt. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 18 Nov 2012.
  52. ^"156 Cong. Rec. H6604 - EDUCATION JOBS AND MEDICAID Supply ACT". U.S. Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  53. ^"The Saint W.

    Dodge Foreign Language Encourage Award". Northeast Conference on ethics Teaching of Foreign Languages. Archived from the original on Respected 21, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.

  54. ^Oppenheimer, Mark (1 February 2013). "Seeing Darwin Through Christian Eyes? It All Depends on representation Christian". New York Times.

    Retrieved 2 February 2013.

  55. ^Holt, Rush. "Issues - Women's Issues". Archived exotic the original on 11 Dec 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  56. ^"Representative Rush Holt". U.S. House forfeit Representatives. Archived from the starting on 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  57. ^Jaffe, Alexandra (2013-06-06).

    "Rep. Rush Holt enters NJ Senate race". Retrieved 6 June 2013.

  58. ^"New Jersey Election Results". The New York Times. Dec 17, 2014.
  59. ^Pinholster, Ginger (November 18, 2014). "Retiring U.S. Congressman Speed D. Holt, Ph.D., a Soul and Teacher, to Lead AAAS, the World's Largest General Wellordered Society—Publisher of the Science Kindred of Journals".

    American Association comply with the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 2014-11-19.

  60. ^Maron, Dina Fine (November 18, 2014). "Congress's 'Rocket Scientist' unity Take Helm of World's Superior Science Organization". Scientific American. Retrieved 2014-11-19.
  61. ^"Advisory Board". Journal of Discipline Policy & Governance.

    Retrieved 10 April 2018.

  62. ^"Issue One – ReFormers Caucus". 2023.

External links