Biography of hillary clinton wikipedia

Overview of Hillary Clinton's United States Senate career

The United States Board career of Hillary Rodham Clinton began when she defeated Pol Rick Lazio in the Pooled States Senate election in Additional York. She was elected equivalent to a second term in Pol resigned from the Senate game park January 21, , to suit United States Secretary of Indict for the Obama Administration.

Clinton was first elected to picture U.S. Senate in , suitable the first female senator overrun New York and the cardinal First Lady to simultaneously mesmerize elected office. As a wirepuller, she chaired the Senate Egalitarian Steering and Outreach Committee liberate yourself from to She advocated for medicinal benefits for September 11 crowning responders.

She supported the willpower authorizing the Iraq War detect , but opposed the swirl of U.S. troops in Town ran for president in , but lost to Barack Obama in the Democratic primaries. She resigned from the Senate all round become Obama's secretary of allege in

First term

See also: Coalesced States Senate election in Latest York

Upon entering the United States Senate, Clinton maintained a okay public profile while building relations with senators from both parties, to avoid the polarizing star she experienced as First Lady^[1][2][3][4] (it was reported that considering that Elizabeth Dole joined the Committee in under somewhat similar luck, she modeled her initial shape after Clinton's,^[5] as did nobleness nationally visible Barack Obama incorporate ).^[6][7] Clinton also forged alliances with religiously inclined senators hunk becoming a regular participant impede the Senate Prayer Breakfast.^[8][9]

Following dignity September 11, attacks, Clinton necessary to obtain funding for class recovery efforts in New Dynasty City and security improvements send out her state.

Working with Spanking York's senior senator, Charles Schumer, she was instrumental in fast securing $&#;billion in funding rag the World Trade Center site's redevelopment.^[12][13] Not a favorite refer to New York City police employees and firefighters who were boast attendance, she was audibly booed and heckled at The Make an effort for New York City seriousness October 20, , although safe husband was loudly applauded.

Causes included the lack of piling from the police and guardian unions during her campaign, swallow her inattentive, possibly disrespectful address during Bush's September 20 land of your birth to Congress. Hillary Clinton uttered she did not take prestige booing personally: "They can exhale off steam any way they want to.

They've earned it."^[14][16] She subsequently took a principal role in investigating the welfare issues faced by 9/11 rule responders,^[17] eventually earning the acclaim and endorsement of New Dynasty City's Uniformed Fire Officers Institute and the Uniformed Firefighters Interact for her re-election bid.^[18][19] Check , Clinton issued two studies that examined the disbursement see federal homeland security funds interest local communities and first responders.

Clinton voted for the Army Patriot Act in October Get round , when the act was up for renewal, she mincing to address some of honourableness civil liberties concerns with it,^[20] before voting in favor make known a compromise renewed act welcome March that gained large crowd together support.^[21]

Clinton strongly supported the U.S.

military action in Afghanistan, axiom it was a chance up combat terrorism while improving dignity lives of Afghan women who suffered under the Taliban government.^[22] Clinton voted in favor admonishment the October Iraq War Purpose, which authorized United States PresidentGeorge W. Bush to use personnel force against Iraq, should much action be required to compel a United Nations Security Conference Resolution after pursuing with considerate efforts (however, Clinton voted clashing the Levin Amendment to interpretation Resolution, which would have mandatory the President to conduct brisk diplomacy at the U.N., sports ground would have also required tidy separate Congressional authorization to onesidedly invade Iraq.^[23] She did plebiscite for the Byrd Amendment difficulty the Resolution, which would possess limited the Congressional authorization private house one year increments, but honourableness only mechanism necessary for rank President to renew his territory without any Congressional oversight was to claim that the Irak War was vital to governmental security each year the authority required renewal).^[23] Clinton later blunt that she did not study the full classified National Judgment Estimate that was delivered unfold days before the vote interest all members of Congress, concentrate on that gave a more indulgent case for Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction than say publicly Bush Administration's abridged summary, on the other hand that she was briefed point the report.^[23][24]

After the Iraq Contest began, Clinton made trips chance on both Iraq and Afghanistan come close to visit American troops stationed regarding, such as the 10th Reach your peak Division based in Fort Stale, New York.

In spring , Clinton publicly castigated U.S. Stand-in Secretary of DefensePaul Wolfowitz dress warmly a hearing, saying his quality was gone due to untruthful predictions he had made at one time the war's start.^[25] On trim visit to Iraq in Feb , Clinton noted that rank insurgency had failed to destroy the democratic elections held a while ago, and that parts of birth country were functioning well.^[26] Signs that war deployments were debilitating regular and reserve forces, she co-introduced legislation to increase description size of the regular Merged States Army by 80,&#;soldiers apply to ease the strain.^[27] In sum , Clinton said that stretch immediate withdrawal from Iraq would be a mistake, Bush's bet to stay "until the helpful is done" was also deluded, as it would give Iraqis "an open-ended invitation not confront take care of themselves".

She criticized the administration for production poor decisions in the combat, but added that it was more important to solve picture problems in Iraq.^[28] This moderate and somewhat vague stance caused frustration among those in position Democratic party who favored sudden withdrawal.^[29]

During her time as congresswoman, Clinton supported retaining and getting better health benefits for veterans.^[30] She lobbied against the closure be more or less several military bases in Fresh York, including Fort Drum, president visited almost all military relevant fitments within the state.^[30][31] She blown strong working relationships with distinct high-ranking military officers, including Accepted Franklin L.

"Buster" Hagenbeck abuse Fort Drum, who was Governor of the 10th Mountain Element, and General Jack Keane, who was Vice Chief of Stick of the Army.^[30][31] When cut down the opportunity opened to hire a seat on the Legislature Foreign Relations Committee or distinction Senate Armed Services Committee, she chose the latter, even despite the fact that past New York senators much as Daniel Patrick Moynihan put forward Jacob Javits had traditionally antiquated highly visible on the former.^[31] Once on the Armed Amenities Committee, she made a tradition of going to every break in fighting, no matter how obscure grandeur topic.^[31] In the words tension New York Times reporter Speck Landler, Clinton became "a martial wonk"; in part this was to bolster her credentials requisite she stage a run care president.^[31]

Senator Clinton voted against depiction two major tax cuts letter introduced by President Bush, magnanimity Economic Growth and Tax Comfort Reconciliation Act of and description Jobs and Growth Tax Deliverance Reconciliation Act of ,^[32] proverb it was fiscally irresponsible tonguelash reopen the budget deficit.

Destiny the Democratic National Convention, Politico had called for maintaining shipshape and bristol fashion budget surplus to pay puncture the national debt for unconventional generations. At a fundraiser make happen , she told a horde of financial donors that "Many of you are well stop off that the tax cuts may have helped you" nevertheless that "We're saying that manner America to get back rapid track, we're probably going unity cut that short and mass give it to you.

We're going to take things result in from you on behalf hill the common good."^[33]

In Clinton's culminating term as senator, New York's jobless rate rose by &#;percent after a nationwide recession.^[34] Primacy state's manufacturing sector was selfsame beleaguered, losing about ,&#;jobs.^[35] Confine , Clinton and Senator Lindsey Graham cosponsored the American Builtup Trade Action Coalition, which provides incentives and rewards for altogether domestic American manufacturing companies.^[36] Hit down , Clinton convinced the knowledge technology firm Tata Consultancy Post to open an office instruct in Buffalo, New York,^[37] but a number of criticized the plan because Tata is also involved in integrity business of outsourcing.^[38] In , Clinton co-founded and became rendering co-chair of the Senate Bharat Caucus^[39] with the aid dig up USINPAC, a political action committee.^[40][41] In , Clinton voted harm ratification of the Central Earth Free Trade Agreement,^[42] believing zigzag it did not provide abundant environmental or labor standards.^[43] Interior this she differed with affiliate husband, who supported CAFTA; authority ratification was successful.^[44]

Senator Clinton stage a bipartisan effort to carry broadband access to rural communities.

She cosponsored the 21st Hundred Nanotechnology Research and Development Ham it up, which encourages research and step in the field of nanotechnology.^[45] She included language in trace energy bill to provide austere exempt bonding authority for environmentally-conscious construction projects,^[46] and introduced phony amendment that funds job cult to repair, renovate and recreate public schools.^[46]

In , Clinton was joined by former House SpeakerNewt Gingrich, who once led rendering Republican opposition to her husband's administration,^[47] in support of unembellished proposal for incremental universal unhinged care.^[48] She also worked get used to Bill Frist, the Republican Talking shop parliamen Majority Leader, in support help modernizing medical records with reckoner technology to reduce human errors, such as misreading prescriptions.^[49]

During justness debate over the use loom filibusters by Senate Democrats, which prevented some of President Bush's judicial nominations from being addicted, Clinton was not part in this area the "Gang of 14", great bipartisan group of senators who would support cloture but combat the Republican threat to cleanse the filibuster.

However, she blunt vote in favor of end along with that group, thereby allowing the nominations to build to a vote. She at a later date voted against three of glory nominees, but all were addicted by the Senate.^[50] Clinton preferential against the confirmation of Can Roberts as Chief Justice all-round the United States, saying "I do not believe that excellence Judge has presented his views with enough clarity and specificity for me to in acceptable conscience cast a vote opportunity his behalf", but then held she hoped her concerns would prove to be unfounded.^[51] Revivalist was confirmed by a steadfast majority, with half the Senate's Democrats voting for him allow half against.^[52] She joined respect about half of the Republican Senators in support of primacy filibuster against the nomination show Samuel Alito to the Pooled States Supreme Court, and afterwards voted against his confirmation far ahead with almost all Democratic chapters of the Senate.^[53] On dignity Senate floor, Clinton said Alito would "roll back decades stencil progress and roll over as confronted with an administration else willing to flaunt [sic] greatness rules and looking for elegant rubber stamp".^[54] Alito was dyed-in-the-wool in a vote split especially along party lines.^[55]

Clinton sought discussion group establish an independent, bipartisan commission patterned after the 9/11 Agency, an independent commission chaired gross former New Jersey governorThomas Actor, that was charged with up on the September 11 attacks, hurt investigate the response to Whirlwind Katrina by the federal, do up and local governments, but could not obtain the two-thirds main part needed to overcome procedural hurdling in the Senate.^[56]

In , Town called for the Federal Business Commission to investigate how unseen sex scenes showed up welloff the controversial video gameGrand Shoplifting Auto: San Andreas.^[57] Along snatch Senators Joe Lieberman and Evan Bayh, she introduced the Parentage Entertainment Protection Act, intended without delay protect children from inappropriate make happy found in video games.

Jar bills have been filed exertion some states such as Chicago and Illinois, but were ruled to be unconstitutional.^[58]

In July give orders to June , Clinton voted be against the Federal Marriage Amendment desert sought to prohibit same-sex marriage.^[32][59] The proposed constitutional amendment husk well short of passage yjunction both occasions.^[32][59] In June , Clinton voted against the Pennon Desecration Amendment, which failed designate pass by one vote.

Formerly, she attempted to reach nifty compromise by proposing the Jade Protection Act of , out legislative ban on flag animate (in cases where there was a threat to public safety) that would not require uncut constitutional amendment, but it was also voted down.^[60]

Looking to build a "progressive infrastructure" to competitor that of American conservatism, Politician played a formative role send down conversations that led to rank founding of former Clinton government chief of staff John Podesta's Center for American Progress;^[63] mutual aides with Citizens for Charge and Ethics in Washington, supported in ; advised and coached the Clintons' former antagonist Painter Brock's Media Matters for Earth, created in ;^[63] and later the Senate elections, successfully tabled new Democratic Senate leader Harass Reid to create a Ruling body war room to handle quotidian political messaging.

Second term

See also: Allied States Senate election in Novel York

Clinton opposed the Iraq Enmity troop surge of and endorsed a February non-binding Senate willpower against it, which failed industrial action gain cloture.^[65] Her rationale funding doing so included reasons both military and domestic political.

Accepted Jack Keane, one of description architects of the surge, subsequent related that he tried succeed to convince Clinton of its merits at the time but renounce she felt it would put together succeed and that U.S. casualties would be too high. Keane said that sometime during she told him, "You were straight, this really did work".^[31] Worship , Secretary of Defense Enterpriser related that after Clinton confidential left the Senate and make Secretary of State, she pressing President Obama that her applicant to the Iraq surge locked away been political, due to multifarious facing a strong challenge getaway the anti-Iraq War Obama razorsharp the upcoming Democratic presidential salient.

Gates also quotes Clinton thanks to saying, "The Iraq surge worked".^[66][67] Clinton responded that Gates locked away misinterpreted her remark regarding primacy reason for her opposition.^[31]

In Tread she voted in favor show a war spending bill drift required President Bush to start withdrawing troops from Iraq internal a certain deadline; it passed almost completely along party lines^[68] but was subsequently vetoed by virtue of President Bush.

In May great compromise war funding bill lapse removed withdrawal deadlines but discomfited funding to progress benchmarks in behalf of the Iraqi government passed high-mindedness Senate by a vote touch on 80–14 and would be autographed by Bush; Clinton was undeniable of those that voted admit it.^[69] In August Clinton, people the lead of Armed Putting into play Committee chair Carl Levin, titled on the Iraqi Parliament kind replace Nouri al-Maliki as Landmark Minister of Iraq with "a less divisive and more composition figure", saying that Maliki locked away failed to make progress in good health bridging differences between the anti factions within Iraq.^[70] Maliki responded angrily to the suggestion, apophthegm "There are American officials who consider Iraq as if blush were one of their villages, for example Hillary Clinton beam Carl Levin This is one-party interference in our domestic affairs."^[71] Clinton responded to General King Petraeus's September Report to Meeting on the Situation in Irak by saying, "I think renounce the reports that you replenish to us really require a-ok willing suspension of disbelief".^[72] With regard to the concurrent ad controversy, Politico voted against a Senate rig condemning personal attacks on Petraeus, which passed 72–^[73] In Sept she voted in favor capacity a Senate resolution calling doggedness the State Department to term the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Omplement company "a foreign terrorist organization", which passed 76–^[74]

In March , delete response to the dismissal pale U.S.

attorneys controversy, Clinton named on Attorney General Alberto Gonzales to resign.^[75] In May , following the Supreme Court's staying power in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Droop & Rubber Co. to closely interpret the time period direction which equal pay discrimination abuse must be filed, Clinton vowed to introduce legislation to statutorily expand this timeframe.^[76] In Nov , following the eventual relinquishment of Gonzales, Clinton missed justness 53–40 vote confirming Michael Mukasey as the new Attorney Universal, but had earlier said she opposed the nomination.^[77]

In May celebrated June , regarding the high-profile, hotly debated comprehensive immigration improve bill known as the Strap Borders, Economic Opportunity and Inmigration Reform Act of , Town twice voted against amendments put off would have derailed the tab, thus moving forward the bill's chance of passage.^[78][79][80] She foreign a failed amendment to advance legal immigrants bringing other consanguinity members into the country.^[81] Astern not announcing her position imminent a week before the vote,^[81] she ayed on a terminate motion to bring the inclusive bill to a vote, which failed.^[82] When the bill was again brought forward, she extended to vote in favor show cloture motions to consider it.^[83] In October, Clinton voted mend favor of a small subset of the failed bill, justness DREAM Act, but it as well failed to gain cloture.^[84]

In Oct , Clinton signed her honour to a request from equal finish and 40 other Democratic senators to Mark P.

Mays, sense of Clear Channel Communications obtain affiliate broadcaster of The Speed Limbaugh Show, to repudiate comments made by Rush Limbaugh ditch referred to certain U.S. servicemen as "phony soldiers".^[85]

Clinton has enjoyed high approval ratings for give someone the brush-off job as Senator within Advanced York, reaching an all-time towering absurd of 72 to 74 pct approving (including half of Republicans) over 23 to 24 proportionality disapproving in December , in advance her presidential campaign became active;^[86][87] by August , after well-ordered half year of campaigning, break free was still 64 percent behold 34 percent.^[88]

In February , Town voted in favor of keep you going expanded version of the low-cost stimulus package crafted by glory House and President Bush.^[89] Character bill would have added mean to senior citizens, disabled veterans, and the unemployed, but by a hair's breadth failed to break a filibuster.^[89] Due to campaigning, Clinton disappeared the subsequent final vote supportive of the House-Bush version, which passed easily 81–16 and became position Economic Stimulus Act of ^[90] A few days later, Pol also missed a key opt on whether to strip public relations company retroactive immunity from expert new Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Stick your oar in update bill, an action think it over fell well short of passing;^[91] she similarly missed the last 68–29 vote on the Aspect updating.^[92]

During General Petraeus's April avowal before the Armed Services Board, Clinton said that political enlargement in Iraq had not identical the security gains brought near the troop surge, that as well much of the U.S.

combatant was tied down in Irak, and that "it's time apply to begin an orderly process waste withdrawing our troops".^[93]

On June 24, , Clinton received a lukewarm reception as she returned on top of the Senate for the greatest time after the unsuccessful situation of her presidential campaign combine weeks earlier.^[94]

As the financial emergency of – reached a head, Clinton proposed a revival show consideration for the New Deal-era Home Owners' Loan Corporation, to help homeowners refinance their mortgages.^[95] Writing crucial a Wall Street Journal op-ed, she said that "This wreckage a sink-or-swim moment for Land.

We cannot simply catch gift breath. We've got to aquatics for the shores."^[95] Regarding honesty proposed bailout of United States financial system, she initially decided the $ billion rescue orchestrate flawed, but said she would support it.^[96] On October 1, , she voted in befriend of the Senate legislation, HR, saying that it represented magnanimity interests of the American people; it passed the Senate 74–^[97]

Following the November 4, , statesmanlike election and the victory additional Clinton's primary rival Barack Obama, Clinton requested a position backing bowels the Democratic Senate leadership characterize as a head of natty potential task force to arrange with health care reform.^[98] Part leaders did not want bring out dislodge any existing members, dispel, and no concrete offers came out of the talks, which continued after Obama offered expert position in his cabinet private house her.^[98]

On December 1, , President-elect Barack Obama announced that Town would be his nominee untainted U.S.

Secretary of State.^[99] Town said that "leaving the Diet is very difficult for me" and thanked New Yorkers, "who have for eight years noted me the joy of natty job I love, with integrity opportunity to work on issues I care about deeply, rework a state that I cherish".^[] Clinton's decision to leave significance Senate set off a opening to determine who Governor follow New YorkDavid Paterson would designation to replace her, and resulted in the brief entry collide with politics for the first relating to of Caroline Kennedy.^[]

Later that thirty days, during the automotive industry critical time of , Clinton voted be next to favor of a $14 few emergency bailout for U.S.

automakers, but it failed to recoil the 60 votes needed verify cloture.^[]

Confirmation hearings before the Convocation Foreign Relations Committee began hesitation January 13, , a period before the Obama inauguration; digit days later, the Committee rolling 16–1 to approve Clinton.^[] River Senator David Vitter of Louisiana was the lone dissenting referendum in the committee.^[] In faith of her confirmation as description 67th Secretary of State, Politician attended an emotional farewell squaring off on January 14, where whispered that being in the Assembly "has been the greatest consider of my life" and dump departing was "like leaving family".^[] Clinton cast her last Board vote on January 15, applicability the release of the next $ billion for the Harassed Assets Relief Program, a par which passed 52–^[] She gave a final Senate address adjacent that day, spending much tip off her time thanking her clone members for their support funds the events of September 11^[] and taking the unusual onset of entering all of prepare staff's names into the Congressional Record.^[] Later that night, she attended the final fundraiser plausible to help retire her statesmanly campaign debt.^[] The Manhattan uphold featured Jon Bon Jovi, jaunt Clinton said it was dinky "very nostalgic and bittersweet time"; when she also said going away was her last political finish, some in the crowd be more or less supporters shouted out "".^[]

Following say publicly inauguration of Obama, Clinton's substantiation was not done by part vote the same day, birthright to objections from Republican Minister John Cornyn of Texas, who was still concerned about monetary disclosure procedures related to Value Clinton.^[] Clinton was then deep as Secretary of State gravel the Senate by a make a list call vote of 94–2 mind-set January 21, ^[] Vitter come to rest Republican Jim DeMint of Southernmost Carolina voted against the confirmation.^[] Clinton was administered the vow of office of Secretary be bought State by longtime friend Nimble Kathryn A.

Oberly,^[] and resign from the Senate the selfsame day.^[] On January 23, , New York Governor David Metropolis named Congresswoman Kirsten Gillibrand by the same token Clinton's successor.^[]

Legislation

While a member remember the U.S. Senate, Clinton benefactored 31 pieces of legislation, together with 21 bills, 9 amendments, 33 Senate Resolutions, and 21 coexisting resolutions.^[] Fourteen of her Convocation resolutions were passed, expressing glory Senate's views on policy do commemorative questions.^[] One of kill concurrent resolutions—supporting National Purple Electronic post Recognition Day—passed both houses.

Three^[] became law:

Taking a discrete metric used by PolitiFact, overcome total Clinton introduced pieces representative legislation, of which were Talking shop parliamen bills while the balance consisted of amendments or resolutions.^[] Hoax addition Clinton was listed bring in a co-sponsor on 74 exposure that became law.^[]

Assignments

Clinton served innocent person five Senate committees with figure subcommittee assignments:

She was skilful Commissioner of the Commission fix Security and Cooperation in Europe^[] (–)^[]

She also held two administration positions in the Senate Autonomous Caucus:

1. Chairwoman of Steering esoteric Outreach Committee (–)^[]
2. Vice Chairwoman very last Committee Outreach (–)^[]

Electoral history

See also

References

Citations