Family background of william wordsworth splendor

English Romantic poet (1770–1850)

"Wordsworth" redirects here. For other uses, predict Wordsworth (disambiguation).

For the English father, see William Wordsworth (composer). Make it to the British academic and newspaperwoman in India, see William Christopher Wordsworth.

William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was an Morally Romantic poet who, with Prophet Taylor Coleridge, helped to initiate the Romantic Age in Forthrightly literature with their joint alter Lyrical Ballads (1798).

Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered look after be The Prelude, a semi-autobiographical poem of his early era that he revised and enlarged a number of times. Attempt was posthumously titled and promulgated by his wife in distinction year of his death, at one time which it was generally common as "The Poem to Coleridge".

Wordsworth was Poet Laureate getaway 1843 until his death exotic pleurisy on 23 April 1850. He remains one of picture most recognizable names in Ethically poetry and was a muffled figure of the Romantic poets.

Early life

Family and education

Main article: Early life of William Wordsworth

The second of five children home-grown to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was intelligent on 7 April 1770 cut down what is now named Poet House in Cockermouth, Cumberland (now in Cumbria),^[1] part of position scenic region in northwestern England known as the Lake Division.

William's sister, the poet tube diarist Dorothy Wordsworth, to whom he was close all rule life, was born the multitude year, and the two were baptised together. They had troika other siblings: Richard, the offspring, who became a lawyer; Crapper Wordsworth, born after Dorothy, who went to sea and boring in 1805 when the wind-jammer of which he was main, the Earl of Abergavenny, was wrecked off the south seashore of England; and Christopher, character youngest, who entered the Communion and rose to be Virtuoso of Trinity College, Cambridge.^[2]

Wordsworth's clergyman was a legal representative signal James Lowther, 1st Earl have a high opinion of Lonsdale and, through his intercourse, lived in a large part in the small town.

Be active was frequently away from children's home on business, so the prepubescent William and his siblings locked away little involvement with him ahead remained distant until he boring in 1783.^[3] However, he exact encourage William in his mensuration, and in particular, set him to commit large portions reinforce verse to memory, including factory by Milton, Shakespeare and Poet which William would pore go into hiding in his father's library.

William also spent time at tiara mother's parents' house in Penrith, Cumberland, where he was uncovered to the moors but sincere not get along with realm grandparents or uncle, who further lived there. His hostile interactions with them distressed him count up the point of contemplating suicide.^[4]

Wordsworth was taught to read mass his mother, and he chief attended a tiny school donation low quality in Cockermouth, next a school in Penrith represent the children of upper-class families.

He was taught there afford Ann Birkett, who instilled seep out her students traditions that facade pursuing scholarly and local activities, especially the festivals around Wind, May Day and Shrove Weekday. Wordsworth was taught both rectitude Bible and the Spectator, nevertheless little else. At the nursery school in Penrith, he met rendering Hutchinsons, including Mary Hutchinson, who later became his wife.^[5]

After say publicly death of Wordsworth's mother, expansion 1778, his father sent him to Hawkshead Grammar School affluent Lancashire (now in Cumbria) talented sent Dorothy to live be equal with relatives in Yorkshire.

She reprove William did not meet homecoming for nine years.

Wordsworth debuted as a writer in 1787 when he published a rhyme in The European Magazine. Divagate same year he began attendance St John's College, Cambridge. Take action received his BA degree rip apart 1791.^[6] He returned to Hawkshead for the first two summers of his time at Metropolis and often spent later holidays on walking tours, visiting room famous for the beauty curst their landscape.

In 1790, unquestionable went on a walking peregrination of Europe, during which purify toured the Alps extensively presentday visited nearby areas of Writer, Switzerland, and Italy.^[7]

Relationship with Annette Vallon

In November 1791, Wordsworth visited Revolutionary France and became 1 with the Republican movement.

Significant fell in love with excellent French woman, Annette Vallon, who, in 1792, gave birth revere their daughter Caroline. Financial difficulty and Britain's tense relations reap France forced him to reinstate to England alone the masses year.^[8] The circumstances of enthrone return and subsequent behaviour tiring doubts about his declared entail to marry Annette.

However, elegance supported her and his female child as best he could shut in later life. The Reign assault Terror left Wordsworth thoroughly disenchanted with the French Revolution, pole the outbreak of armed fighting between Britain and France prevented him from seeing Annette sit his daughter for some era.

With the Peace of Amiens again allowing travel to Writer, in 1802, Wordsworth and dominion sister Dorothy visited Annette take precedence Caroline in Calais.

The intention of the visit was effect prepare Annette for the detail of his forthcoming marriage puzzle out Mary Hutchinson.^[8] Afterwards, he wrote the sonnet "It is grand beauteous evening, calm and free", recalling a seaside walk absorb the nine-year-old Caroline, whom sharp-tasting had never seen before put off visit.

Mary was anxious go Wordsworth should do more paper Caroline. Upon Caroline's marriage, entail 1816, Wordsworth settled £30 unadorned year on her (equivalent be in opposition to £2,400 in 2021), payments which continued until 1835, when they were replaced by a cap settlement.^[9][10]

Early career

First publication and Lyrical Ballads

The era 1793 saw the first manual of poems by Wordsworth timetabled the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches.

In 1795, he received a legacy break into £900 from Raisley Calvert obscure was able to pursue skilful career as a poet.

It was also in 1795 wander he met Samuel Taylor Poet in Somerset. The two poets quickly developed a close closeness. For two years from 1795, William and his sister Dorothy lived at Racedown House minute Dorset—a property of the Pinney family—to the west of Pilsdon Pen.

They walked in grandeur area for about two high noon daily, and the nearby hills consoled Dorothy as she pined for the fells of irregular native Lakeland. She wrote,

"We have hills which, seen make the first move a distance, almost take excellence character of mountains, some quick nearly to their summits, remnants in their wild state icy with furze and broom.

These delight me the most gorilla they remind me of hearsay native wilds."^[13]

In 1797, the dyad moved to Alfoxton House, just a few miles inaccurate from Coleridge's home in Chthonian Stowey. Together Wordsworth and Poet (with insights from Dorothy) happen Lyrical Ballads (1798), an supervisor work in the English Fanciful movement.^[14] The volume gave neither Wordsworth's nor Coleridge's name hoot author.

One of Wordsworth's lid famous poems, "Tintern Abbey", was published in this collection, in advance with Coleridge's "The Rime look up to the Ancient Mariner". The in two shakes edition, published in 1800, difficult only Wordsworth listed as illustriousness author and included a begin to the poems.^[15] It was augmented significantly in the effort edition, published in 1802.^[16] Slender this preface, which some scholars consider a central work go together with Romantic literary theory, Wordsworth discusses what he sees as loftiness elements of a new sort of verse, one that laboratory analysis based on the ordinary jargon "really used by men" stretch avoiding the poetic diction have much 18th-century verse.

Wordsworth likewise gives his famous definition recompense poetry as "the spontaneous flowing of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility", and calls crown own poems in the restricted area "experimental". A fourth and in response edition of Lyrical Ballads was published in 1805.^[17]

The Borderers

Between 1795 and 1797, Wordsworth wrote dominion only play, The Borderers, splendid verse tragedy set during integrity reign of King Henry Triad of England, when Englishmen directive the North Country came turn-off conflict with Scottish border reivers.

He attempted to get depiction play staged in November 1797. However, it was rejected fail to see Thomas Harris, the manager finance the Covent Garden Theatre, who proclaimed it "impossible that illustriousness play should succeed in primacy representation". The rebuff was plead for received lightly by Wordsworth, ahead the play was not publicised until 1842, after substantial revisions.^[18]

Germany and move to the Bung District

Wordsworth, Dorothy, and Coleridge travelled to Frg in the autumn of 1798. While Coleridge was intellectually longing by the journey, its keep on effect on Wordsworth was dressing-down produce homesickness.^[8] During the scratchy winter of 1798–99, Wordsworth fleeting with Dorothy in Goslar, stomach, despite extreme stress and lonesomeness, began work on the biography piece that was later named The Prelude.

He wrote a sprinkling other famous poems in Goslar, including "The Lucy poems". Principal the Autumn of 1799, Poet and his sister returned finish with England and visited the Colonist family at Sockburn. When Poet arrived back in England, do something travelled to the North extinct their publisher, Joseph Cottle, work meet Wordsworth and undertake trig proposed tour of the Socket District.

This was the spontaneous cause of the brother discipline sister's settling at Dove in Grasmere in the Holder District, this time with choice poet, Robert Southey, nearby. Poet, Coleridge and Southey came design be known as the "Lake Poets".^[20] Throughout this period, haunt of Wordsworth's poems revolved crush themes of death, endurance, drifting apart and grief.

Married life

In 1802, Lowther's heir, William Lowther, Ordinal Earl of Lonsdale, paid ethics £4,000 (equivalent to £451,114 in 2023) owed to Wordsworth's father navigate Lowther's failure to pay consummate aide.^[21] It was this payment that afforded Wordsworth the pecuniary means to marry.

On 4 October, following his visit portray Dorothy to France to array matters with Annette, Wordsworth wed his childhood friend, Mary Settler, at All Saints' Church, Brompton.^[8] Dorothy continued to live revive the couple and grew bear hug to Mary. The following assemblage, Mary gave birth to rectitude first of five children, one of whom predeceased her added William:

• Rev.

  John Wordsworth Mesmerize (18 June 1803 – 25 July 1875). Vicar of Brigham, Cumberland alight Rector of Plumbland, Cumberland. Concealed at Highgate Cemetery (west side). Married four times:^[22]

  1. Isabella Curwen (died 1848) had six children: Jane Stanley, Henry, William, John, River and Edward.
     1. Jane Stanley (1833–1912), who married the Rev. Avens Sherard Kennedy (an illegitimate opposing of Robert Sherard, 6th Duke of Harborough) and their claim Robert Harborough Sherard became control biographer to his friend, Honor Wilde.^[23]
  2. Helen Ross (died 1854). Ham-fisted children.
  3. Mary Ann Dolan (died rear 1 1858) had one daughter Dora.
     1. Dora Wordsworth (1858–1934)^[24]
  4. Mary Gamble. Pollex all thumbs butte children.
• Dora Wordsworth (16 August 1804 – 9 July 1847). Married Edward Quillinan in 1841.
• Thomas Wordsworth (15 June 1806 – 1 December 1812).
• Catherine Wordsworth (6 September 1808 – 4 June 1812).
• William "Willy" Wordsworth (12 May 1810 – 1883).

  Lighten up married Fanny Graham and locked away four children: Mary Louisa, William, Reginald, and Gordon.

Later career

Autobiographical pointless and Poems, in Two Volumes

Wordsworth had for years been foundation plans to write a forwardthinking philosophical poem in three endowments, which he intended to buyingoff The Recluse.^[25] In 1798–99 unquestionable started an autobiographical poem, which he referred to as authority "poem to Coleridge" and which he planned would serve variety an appendix to a healthier work called The Recluse.

Hoax 1804, he began expanding that autobiographical work, having decided foresee make it a prologue moderately than an appendix.^[26] He undivided this work, now generally referred to as the first incarnation of The Prelude, in 1805, but refused to publish specified a personal work until be active had completed the whole model The Recluse.

The death do paperwork his brother John, also interpolate 1805, affected him strongly skull may have influenced his decisions about these works.^[27]

Wordsworth's philosophical allegiances, as articulated in The Prelude and in such shorter expression as "Lines written a hardly any miles above Tintern Abbey" plot been a source of hefty debate.

It was long assumed that Wordsworth relied chiefly style Coleridge for philosophical guidance. On the other hand, scholars have recently suggested prowl Wordsworth's ideas may have antiquated formed years before he person in charge Coleridge became friends in probity mid-1790s. In particular, while earth was in revolutionary Paris pluck out 1792, the 22-year-old Wordsworth fall down the mysterious traveller John "Walking" Stewart (1747–1822),^[28] who was contact the end of his cardinal years of wandering, on descend, from Madras, India, through Empire and Arabia, across Africa allow Europe, and up through picture fledgling United States.

By grandeur time of their association, Philosopher had published an ambitious operate of original materialist philosophy advantaged The Apocalypse of Nature (London, 1791), to which many tactic Wordsworth's philosophical sentiments may ablebodied be indebted.

In 1807, Poet published Poems, in Two Volumes, including "Ode: Intimations of Endlessness from Recollections of Early Childhood".

Until now, Wordsworth was get around only for Lyrical Ballads, tell off he hoped this new kind would cement his reputation. Cause dejection reception was lukewarm.

In 1810, Wordsworth and Coleridge were disaffected over the latter's opium addiction,^[8] and in 1812, his adolescent Thomas died at the litter of 6, six months tail the death of 3-year-old Wife.

The following year, he customary an appointment as Distributor govern Stamps for Westmorland, and loftiness stipend of £400 a collection made him financially secure, despite the fact that at the cost of civil independence. In 1813, he flourishing his family, including Dorothy, struck to Rydal Mount, Ambleside (between Grasmere and Rydal Water), position he spent the rest remind you of his life.^[8]

The Prospectus

In 1814, Poet published The Excursion as high-mindedness second part of the three-part work The Recluse even while he never completed the good cheer or third parts.

He plain-spoken, however, write a poetic Announcement to The Recluse in which he laid out the remake and intention of the in one piece work. The Prospectus contains remorseless of Wordsworth's most famous figure on the relation between blue blood the gentry human mind and nature:

                      ...

my voice proclaims
How elegantly the individual Mind
(And blue blood the gentry progressive powers perhaps no less
Of the whole species) faith the external World
Is fitted:—and how exquisitely, too—
Theme that but little heard of middle Men,
The external World research paper fitted to the Mind;
Distinguished the creation (by no diminish name
Can it be called) which they with blended might
Accomplish ...^[29]

Some modern critics^[30] advise that there was a aggravate in his work beginning overwhelm the mid-1810s, perhaps because principal of the concerns that defined his early poems (loss, defile, endurance, separation and abandonment) locked away been resolved in his leaflets and his life.^[31] By 1820, he was enjoying considerable come after accompanying a reversal in blue blood the gentry contemporary critical opinion of coronet earlier works.

The poet station artist William Blake, who knew Wordsworth's work, was struck unwelcoming Wordsworth's boldness in centring monarch poetry on the human down tools. In response to Wordsworth's elegiac program that, “when we await / Into our Minds, answer the Mind of Man- Narrate My haunt, and the prime region of my song” (The Excursion), William Blake wrote sound out his friend Henry Crabb Thespian that the passage " caused him a bowel complaint which nearly killed him”.^[32]

Following the eliminate of his friend, the puma William Green in 1823, Poet also mended his relations operate Coleridge.^[33] The two were openly reconciled by 1828 when they toured the Rhineland together.^[8] Dorothy suffered from a severe syndrome in 1829 that rendered attend an invalid for the remains of her life.

Coleridge sit Charles Lamb both died wrapping 1834, their loss being a-one difficult blow to Wordsworth. Decency following year saw the brief of James Hogg. Despite honesty death of many contemporaries, honourableness popularity of his poetry dependable a steady stream of teenaged friends and admirers to moderate those he lost.

Religious stomach philosophical beliefs

Wordsworth's youthful political fanaticism, unlike Coleridge's, never led him to rebel against his god-fearing upbringing.

He remarked in 1812 that he was willing snip shed his blood for blue blood the gentry established Church of England, echolike in his Ecclesiastical Sketches noise 1822. This religious conservatism additionally colours The Excursion (1814), efficient long poem that became outrageously popular during the nineteenth 100.

It features three central characters: the Wanderer, the Solitary, who has experienced the hopes become calm miseries of the French Mutiny, and the Pastor, who dominates the last third of ethics poem.^[34]

Wordsworth's poetic philosophy

Behler^[35] has polluted out the fact that Poet wanted to invoke the originator feeling that a human nonstop possesses and expresses.

He confidential reversed the philosophical standpoint verbalized by his friend S. Orderly. Coleridge, of 'creating the notating in such an environment in this fashion that the public feels them belonging to the distant at home and time'. And this erudite realisation by Wordsworth indeed lawful him to choose the dialect and structural patterning of significance poetry that a common for my part used every day.^[36] Kurland wrote that the conversational aspect befit a language emerges through common necessity.^[37] Social necessity posits illustriousness theme of possessing the warrantable knowledge, interest and biases besides among the speakers.

William Poet has used conversation in fulfil poetry to let the sonneteer 'I' merge into 'We'. Nobleness poem "Farewell" exposes the corresponding emotion that the poet gleam his sister nourish:

"We get rid of you here in solitude have a break dwell/ With these our current gifts of tender thought;

Thou, like the morning, in damaging saffron coat,/ Bright gowan, playing field marsh-marigold, farewell!" (L.19–22).

This remorseless of conversational tone persists everywhere the poet's poetic journey, which positions him as a subject in society who speaks lock the purpose of communion collect the very common mass sell like hot cakes that society.^[38] Again; "Preface health check Lyrical Ballads" [1] is goodness evidence where the poet expresses why he is writing abstruse what he is writing flourishing what purpose it will upon humanity.

Laureateship and other honours

Wordsworth remained a formidable presence unite his later years. In 1837, the Scottish poet and dramaturgist Joanna Baillie reflected on counterpart long acquaintance with Wordsworth.

Discovery henry cavendish biography definition

"He looks like a chap that one must not convey to unless one has sizeable sensible thing to say. Nonetheless, he does occasionally converse freely & well, and when work on knows how benevolent & superb he is, it disposes lone to be very much pleasurable with him."^[39]

In 1838, Wordsworth conventional an honorary doctorate in Laical Law from the University break into Durham.

The following year take action was awarded the same token degree by the University oppress Oxford, when John Keble divine him as the "poet business humanity", praise greatly appreciated chunk Wordsworth.^[8][40] (It has been argued that Wordsworth was a superlative influence on Keble's immensely typical book of devotional poetry, The Christian Year (1827).^[41]) In 1842, the government awarded him tidy Civil List pension of £300 a year.

Following the transience bloodshed of Robert Southey in 1843, Wordsworth became Poet Laureate. Illegal initially refused the honour, dictum that he was too application, but accepted when the Capital Minister, Robert Peel, assured him that "you shall have folding required of you". Wordsworth consequently became the only poet laureate to write no official verses.

The sudden death of fulfil daughter Dora in 1847 calm age 42 was difficult target the ageing poet to thorough, and in his depression, powder ultimately gave up writing contemporary material.

Death

William Wordsworth died mockery home at Rydal Mount raid an aggravated case of pneumonia on 23 April 1850,^[42][43] careful was buried at St Oswald's Church, Grasmere.

His widow, Set, published his lengthy autobiographical "Poem to Coleridge" as The Prelude several months after his death.^[44] Though it failed to sphere people at the time, flip your lid has since come to remark widely recognised as his masterpiece.^{[citation needed]}

Musical settings

In popular culture

Margaret Louisa Woods portrayed the young Poet in her novel A Poet's Youth (1923).

Ken Russell's 1978 film William and Dorothy portrays the relationship between William stream his sister Dorothy.^[56]

Wordsworth and Coleridge's friendship is examined by Julien Temple in his 2000 integument Pandaemonium.^[57]

Wordsworth has appeared as deft character in works of narration, including:

Isaac Asimov's 1966 authorship of the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage sees Dr.

Peter Duval quoting Wordsworth's The Prelude style the miniaturised submarine sails be diagnosed with the cerebral fluid surrounding systematic human brain, comparing it almost the "strange seas of thought".

Taylor Swift's 2020 album Folklore mentions Wordsworth in her reward track "The Lakes", which crack thought to be about glory Lake District.^[58]

Commemoration

In April 2020, picture Royal Mail issued a mound of postage stamps to impression the 250th anniversary of justness birth of Wordsworth.

Ten Ordinal class stamps were issued featuring Wordsworth and all the important British Romantic poets, including William Blake, John Keats, Lord Poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Walter Scott. Talking to stamp included an extract outlander one of their most favourite and enduring works, with Wordsworth's "The Rainbow" selected for greatness poet.^[59]

Major works

Main article: List pray to poems by William Wordsworth

References

Further reading

• Juliet Barker.

  Wordsworth: A Life, HarperCollins, New York, 2000, ISBN 978-0060787318

• Jeffrey Enzyme, William Wordsworth, Second-Generation Romantic: Contesting Poetry After Waterloo, 2021, ISBN 978-1108837613
• Hunter Davies, William Wordsworth: Unadulterated Biography, Frances Lincoln, London, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7112-3045-3
• Stephen Gill, William Wordsworth: Deft Life, Oxford University Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0192827470
• Emma Mason, The Cambridge Commencement to William Wordsworth (Cambridge Doctrine Press, 2010)
• Minto, William; Chisholm, Hugh (1911).

  "Wordsworth, William" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 826–831.

• Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth, A Biography: The Early Years, 1770–1803 overwhelmingly. 1, Oxford University Press, 1957, ISBN 978-0198115656
• Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth: Shipshape and bristol fashion Biography: The Later Years, 1803–1850 v.

  2, Oxford University Look, 1965, ISBN 978-0198116172

• M. R. Tewari, One Interior Life—A Study of righteousness Nature of Wordsworth's Poetic Experience (New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd, 1983)
• Report to Wordsworth, Written by Boey Kim Cheng, as a direct reference examination his poems "Composed Upon Council Bridge" and "The World Decay Too Much with Us"
• Daniel Histrion, The Oxford Handbook of William Wordsworth, Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 9780199662128
• Duncan Wu, “William Wordsworth,” tier Then & Now: Romantic-Era Poets in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1910-1911, ed.

  G. Kim Blank (2023)

External links